Quantification of alcohol intake in patients with steatotic liver disease and excessive alcohol intake.

Background & Aims: Quantifying alcohol intake is crucial for subclassifying participants with steatotic liver disease (SLD) and interpreting clinical trials of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD). However, the accuracy of self-reported alcohol intake is considered imprecise. We compared the diagnostic and prognostic utility of self-reported alcohol intake with blood-based biomarkers of alcohol intake: phosphatidylethanol (PEth) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).

Validation of the new nomenclature of steatotic liver disease in patients with a history of excessive alcohol intake: an analysis of data from a prospective cohort study.

Background: Steatotic liver disease is a new overarching term that includes metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related steatotic liver disease (MetALD), and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). We aimed to validate the prognostic importance of MASLD, MetALD, and ALD as steatotic liver disease subclasses.

Methods: Between April 18, 2013, and Sept 17, 2018, we prospectively recruited patients aged 18-75 years with current or previous excessive alcohol intake (>24 g/day for women and >36 g/day for men) for at least a year and no previous hepatic decompensation from the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Odense University Hospital (Odense, Denmark).

Vitreous metastasis from cutaneous melanoma: diagnosis and management.

Purpose: To report the clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes in a series of patients with vitreous metastasis from cutaneous melanoma.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective, interventional case series included patients with biopsy-confirmed vitreous metastasis from cutaneous melanoma diagnosed between 1997 and 2020. Standard 23- or 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy was performed for diagnostic sampling.

Serous Choroidal Detachment and Scleritis Associated with Necrotic Choroidal Tumors.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe choroidal detachments and concurrent scleritis associated with necrotic choroidal metastasis or melanoma.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series.

Results: We report 4 patients with scleritis and choroidal detachment with an underlying malignant choroidal tumor.

Cyst-like recurrence of retinoblastoma diagnosed by multimodal imaging.

Purpose: To illustrate the diagnosis and management of an atypical, cyst-like recurrence of retinoblastoma.

Observations: A 4-month-old boy was diagnosed with Group B retinoblastoma in the right eye, consisting of a 10 x 9 × 3.6 mm retinal tumor temporal to the macula.

Assessing Efficacy and Use Patterns of Medical Cannabis for Symptom Management in Elderly Cancer Patients.

Objectives: Our study sought to further characterize patterns of medical cannabis use in elderly cancer patients. Furthermore, we sought to assess efficacy of medical cannabis for the treatment of pain, nausea, anorexia, insomnia and anxiety in elderly cancer patients.

Background: Medical cannabis use is growing for symptom management in cancer patients, but limited data exists on the safety or efficacy of use in elderly patients.

Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia Masquerading as Recalcitrant Epithelial Keratitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report a unique case of ocular surface squamous neoplasia that masqueraded as a nonresolving toxic epithelial keratitis.

Methods: This was a case report and review of the literature.

Results: A 79-year-old man presented with decreased vision, redness, and a foreign body sensation in his right eye that was refractory to treatment with lubrication and topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drops.

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale.

A review of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity.

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide.

Areas Covered: Recent methods to identify and manage treatment-warranted vascularly active ROP are recognized and being compared to standard care by laser treatment in prospective large-scale clinical studies. Pharmacologic anti-angiogenic (anti-VEGF) treatment has changed the natural history of vascularly active ROP by reducing stage 3 intravitreal neovascularization and extending physiologic retinal vascularization in many infants.

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) in Eyes With Pigment Epithelial Detachments Due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To investigate fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) in neovascular AMD and pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs).

Methods: A total of 46 eyes with PEDs (>350 μm) as well as age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. We found 28 eyes showed neovascular AMD (nvAMD), and 17 had nonneovascular (dry) AMD (dAMD).

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity Review for the Palliative Care Clinician.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have opened an exciting chapter in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. For the palliative care clinician, however, ICIs present several new challenges, including new ways to define treatment success, as well as treatment-related toxicities that differ in nature and timing from traditional chemotherapy. In this article, we review the mechanism of action of ICIs, as well as selected published data supporting the efficacy of ICIs in patients with advanced cancer.

Correlates of Patterns of Health Values of African Americans Living With HIV/AIDS: Implications for Advance Care Planning and HIV Palliative Care.

Context: Advance care planning rates remain low, especially among people who are HIV positive, disadvantaged, and African American. Although advance care planning can be a sensitive topic for clinicians and patients to discuss, health values clarification can be an important initial step.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to explore health values of African Americans living with HIV/AIDS and to examine correlates of these values.

Chronic Pain, Patient-Physician Engagement, and Family Communication Associated With Drug-Using HIV Patients' Discussing Advanced Care Planning With Their Physicians.

Context: In the era of effective antiretroviral therapy, persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are living longer, transforming HIV into a serious chronic illness, warranting patient-provider discussion about advanced care planning (ACP). Evidence is needed to inform physicians on how to approach ACP for these patients. Chronic pain is common in PLWHA, particularly in those who have substance use disorders; although it is known that this population is at risk for poorer patient-physician engagement, the effects on ACP are unknown.

Changing Treatment Patterns of ROP at a Tertiary Medical Center Between 2002 and 2012.

Background And Objective: To clinically correlate and evaluate the screening and treatment patterns of retinopathy of prematurity by a single physician at a tertiary care center between 2002 and 2012.

Patients And Methods: A group of 10,924 newborns screened for ROP between 2002 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed in a consecutive case series. Records of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Jackson Memorial Hospital/Bascom Palmer Eye Institute were reviewed to identify patients clinically diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity who underwent treatment.

A randomized controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of noninvasive limb cover for chronic phantom limb pain among veteran amputees.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of a noninvasive limb cover for treating chronic phantom limb pain (PLP).

Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting: Outpatient clinic.