Effects of High Tunnel Soil Solarization on in the Temperate Climate of Central Kentucky.

Diseases caused by spp. can affect a wide range of plants, including vegetables, with yield losses ranging from 10 to 50%. Sclerotinia diseases can be especially problematic in high tunnels where high-value vegetable crops are planted in early spring to extend the growing season, achieve earlier harvest, and bring higher profits.

Leaf Spot Disease Development and Its Effect on Yield of Essential Oil-Producing Hemp Cultivars in Kentucky.

Leaf spot diseases are common on field hemp, causing defoliation, and blighting. The most prevalent leaf spot diseases of hemp in Kentucky are Bipolaris leaf spot (), Cercospora leaf spot (), and Septoria leaf spot (). In this study, disease progression, cultivar susceptibility, and yield loss were examined using cultivars from four relatedness groups at two locations and in two growing seasons.

Tetrahydroxylated bile acids improve cholestatic liver and bile duct injury in the Mdr2 mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis via immunomodulatory effects.

Bile salt export pump (Bsep) (Abcb11) mice are protected from acquired cholestatic injury due to metabolic preconditioning with a hydrophilic bile acid (BA) pool with formation of tetrahydroxylated bile acids (THBAs). We aimed to explore whether loss of Bsep and subsequent elevation of THBA levels may have immunomodulatory effects, thus improving liver injury in the multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mdr2) (Abcb4) mouse. Cholestatic liver injury in Mdr2 Bsep double knockout (DKO), Mdr2 , Bsep , and wild-type mice was studied for comparison.

Hepatocyte-specific deletion of adipose triglyceride lipase (adipose triglyceride lipase/patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2) ameliorates dietary induced steatohepatitis in mice.

Background And Aims: Increased fatty acid (FA) flux from adipose tissue to the liver contributes to the development of NAFLD. Because free FAs are key lipotoxic triggers accelerating disease progression, inhibiting adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)/patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2), the main enzyme driving lipolysis, may attenuate steatohepatitis.

Approach And Results: Hepatocyte-specific ATGL knockout (ATGL LKO) mice were challenged with methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) or high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet.

First Report of Fusarium graminearum Causing Flower Blight On Hemp (Cannabis sativa) in Kentucky.

In October of 2020, a grower in Boyle County, KY, reported mold and blight symptoms on flowers of field-grown hemp. Plants were approaching harvest, and the mold was affecting 100% of the cultivar 'White CBG' being grown for cannabinoid (CBD) extraction. Mycelium colonized the flower heads and any seeds within bracts.

The Role of Lipid Sensing Nuclear Receptors (PPARs and LXR) and Metabolic Lipases in Obesity, Diabetes and NAFLD.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are metabolic disorders characterized by metabolic inflexibility with multiple pathological organ manifestations, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nuclear receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors with a multifaceted role in controlling many metabolic activities, such as regulation of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and modulation of inflammatory genes. The activity of nuclear receptors is key in maintaining metabolic flexibility.

Reemergence of Septoria Leaf Spot Caused by on Hemp in Kentucky.

Hemp reemerged in 2014 after being illegal for over 50 years and restricted for 90 years. Today, hemp is primarily grown for production of cannabidiol (CBD), with limited acreage dedicated to fiber. One of the most frequent and destructive leaf spot diseases of hemp cultivars grown for CBD is Septoria leaf spot.

Co-Occurrence of spp. and Spoilage Associated Microbiota During Meat Processing Due to Cross-Contamination Events.

A large part of foodborne outbreaks related to are linked to meat and meat products. Especially, recontamination of meat products and deli-meat during slicing, packaging, and repackaging is in the focus of food authorities. In that regard, persistence in multi-species biofilms is one major issue, since they survive elaborate cleaning and disinfection measures.

Pathophysiological mechanisms of liver injury in COVID-19.

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a world-wide pandemic. Disseminated lung injury with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the main cause of mortality in COVID-19. Although liver failure does not seem to occur in the absence of pre-existing liver disease, hepatic involvement in COVID-19 may correlate with overall disease severity and serve as a prognostic factor for the development of ARDS.

The sources and transmission routes of microbial populations throughout a meat processing facility.

Microbial food spoilage is responsible for a considerable amount of waste and can cause food-borne diseases in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and children. Therefore, preventing microbial food spoilage is a major concern for health authorities, regulators, consumers, and the food industry. However, the contamination of food products is difficult to control because there are several potential sources during production, processing, storage, distribution, and consumption, where microorganisms come in contact with the product.

Regulatory mechanisms in cytotoxic T lymphocyte development. II. Dissociation of in vitro cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and suppressor T-cell activities with L-ornithine.

L-ornithine was found to differentially affect the induction of allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and suppressor T cells (Ts). At a concentration of 10 mM, ornithine inhibited the development of CTL in a mixed-leukocyte culture (MLC). This same population of cells suppressed the generation of CTL when irradiated and cocultured with fresh syngeneic lymphocytes and alloantigen.