Zinc-induced envelope stress diminishes type III secretion in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Background: Dietary supplementation with zinc has been shown to reduce the duration and severity of diarrhoeal disease caused by Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, common in infants in developing countries. Initially this therapeutic benefit was attributed to the correction of zinc deficiency in malnourished individuals, but recently evidence has emerged that zinc significantly impacts the pathogens themselves: zinc concentrations achievable by oral supplementation can reduce the expression of key virulence-related genes in EPEC and related organisms.

Results: Here, we investigate three possible mechanisms for such zinc-induced changes in expression of EPEC virulence: direct interaction of zinc with regulators of LEE operons; genetic interaction of LEE operons with known regulators of zinc homeostasis; and finally, downregulation of LEE transcription associated with activation of the σ(E) envelope stress response by zinc.

The alpha 5 beta 1 fibronectin receptor. Characterization of the alpha 5 gene promoter.

A genomic clone containing the gene for the alpha 5 subunit of the human alpha 5 beta 1 integrin complex was isolated by screening a human genomic library with the previously described alpha 5 cDNA (Argraves, W. S., Suzuki, S.