Determining the DNA Fingerprinting Profiles of Salmonella Isolates from Raw Poultry Meats and Human Clinical Samples from the Same Geographic Area Using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis.

Abstract: Foods of animal origin, such as poultry, eggs, and pork, are recognized sources of Salmonella infections, but determination of the proportion of foodborne infections associated with various food sources has been challenging. In the present study, 141 Salmonella isolates recovered from 1,322 poultry product samples purchased over a 1-year period from retail stores across Seattle, WA were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using restriction enzyme XbaI. The objectives of the study were (i) to analyze the longitudinal distribution of Salmonella PFGE profiles throughout the sampling period and their clonality within and between poultry processing establishments, (ii) to determine the association between PFGE profiles of Salmonella isolates from locally distributed poultry products and those of clinical isolates submitted to the Washington State Department of Health (WA-DOH) laboratories, and (iii) to compare the PFGE profiles of Salmonella isolates from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) retail meats program.

Risk Factors for Transfusions Following Total Joint Arthroplasty in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Background/objective: Despite effective therapies, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can result in joint destruction requiring total joint arthroplasty to maintain patient function. An estimated 16% to 70% of those undergoing total joint arthroplasty of the hip or knee will receive a blood transfusion. Few studies have described risk factors for blood transfusion following total joint arthroplasty in patients with RA.

Fly Reservoir Associated with Wohlfahrtiimonas Bacteremia in a Human.

Wohlfahrtiimonas species bacteria were isolated from the bloodstream of a patient with septicemia and wound myiasis. Environmental investigations identified a Wohlfahrtiimonas sp. among insects in the Americas and in a previously undescribed vector, the green bottle fly (Lucilia sericata).

Draft Genome Sequences of Strains from Listeriosis Outbreaks Linked to Soft Cheese in Washington State.

has caused listeriosis outbreaks linked to soft cheese. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of seven isolates from two possibly related outbreaks caused by soft cheese products in Washington State.

Whole genome sequencing analyses of Listeria monocytogenes that persisted in a milkshake machine for a year and caused illnesses in Washington State.

Background: In 2015, in addition to a United States multistate outbreak linked to contaminated ice cream, another outbreak linked to ice cream was reported in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It was a hospital-acquired outbreak linked to milkshakes, made from contaminated ice cream mixes and milkshake maker, served to patients. Here we performed multiple analyses on isolates associated with this outbreak: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, species-specific core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), lineage-specific cgMLST and whole genome-specific MLST (wgsMLST)/outbreak-specific cgMLST.

Notes from the Field: Fatal Infection Associated with Equine Exposure - King County, Washington, 2016.

On March 17, 2016, Public Health-Seattle & King County in Washington was notified of two persons who received a diagnosis of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) infections. S.

Notes from the field: campylobacteriosis outbreak associated with consuming undercooked chicken liver pâté - Ohio and Oregon, December 2013-January 2014.

On January 8, 2014, the Ohio Department of Health notified the Oregon Public Health Division (OPHD) of campylobacteriosis in two Ohio residents recently returned from Oregon. The travelers reported consuming chicken liver pâté* at an Oregon restaurant. On January 10, OPHD received additional reports of campylobacteriosis in two persons who had consumed chicken liver pâté at another Oregon restaurant.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-associated AmpC Escherichia coli outbreak.

Background: We identified an outbreak of AmpC-producing Escherichia coli infections resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems (CR) among 7 patients who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at hospital A during November 2012-August 2013. Gene sequencing revealed a shared novel mutation in a bla CMY gene and a distinctive fumC/ fimH typing profile.

Objective: To determine the extent and epidemiologic characteristics of the outbreak, identify potential sources of transmission, design and implement infection control measures, and determine the association between the CR E.

Incidence, risk factors, and management of infusion-related reactions in breast cancer patients receiving trastuzumab.

Background: Trastuzumab has become a mainstay of therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 overexpressed breast cancer in nearly all stages of the disease. Like many monoclonal antibodies, trastuzumab is associated with infusion-related reactions (IRRs) that are not well described, and incidence varies widely between reports (0.7%-40% of patients).

Pertuzumab: a new targeted therapy for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, has become an important targeted therapy for patients with all stages of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. However, primary and acquired resistance to trastuzumab remains a significant problem. Pertuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to a domain of the HER2 receptor separate from trastuzumab, may have the potential to overcome trastuzumab resistance.

Pilot study to assess toxicity and pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer and impaired liver function secondary to hepatic metastases.

Background: Limited clinical data are available regarding the safety of docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer patients with liver dysfunction.

Methods: Eligible patients had breast cancer with impaired liver function secondary to hepatic metastases and were candidates for docetaxel therapy. They were assigned to one of five groups on the basis of total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels.

Farm animal contact as risk factor for transmission of bovine-associated Salmonella subtypes.

Salmonellosis is usually associated with foodborne transmission. To identify risk from animal contact, we compared animal exposures of case-patients infected with bovine-associated Salmonella subtypes with those of control-patients infected with non-bovine-associated subtypes. We used data collected in New York and Washington, USA, from March 1, 2008, through March 1, 2010.

Chemotherapy outcomes for the treatment of unresectable intrahepatic and hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Recent clinical trials for "biliary cancers" include a heterogenous group of patients with cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder, and ampullary cancers. Limited data exist regarding the relative effectiveness of known chemotherapeutic regimens specifically in intrahepatic or hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods: Records of M D Anderson Cancer Center patients with unresectable intrahepatic and hilar cholangiocarcinoma who received first-line chemotherapy from January 1, 2005, to October 31, 2009, were retrospectively reviewed.

Aromatase inhibitors for ovulation and pregnancy in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate evidence for use of aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction and pregnancy in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Data Sources: A MEDLINE search (1966-May 2009) was conducted using the search terms anastrozole, aromatase inhibitors, exemestane, letrozole, ovulation, and polycystic ovary syndrome to identify relevant studies.

Study Selection And Data Extraction: Prospective clinical trials published in English and conducted in humans were identified.

Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with raw milk consumption in the Pacific Northwest.

In late 2005, health officials in Clark County, Washington noted a higher than expected number of Escherichia coli cases among residents and sought to identify a possible common source for infection. In order to identify risk factors, health officials conducted a retrospective cohort study and an environmental site investigation using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to identify and prevent future cases from occurring. Several lines of evidence supported raw milk as the cause of infections: 1) all ill persons drank raw milk from the same cow share; 2) illness was associated with an increasing amount of milk consumed; 3) E.

Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium, Pacific Northwest, United States.

We compared human and bovine isolates of Salmonella enterica using antimicrobial-drug resistance profiles and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. From 2000 through 2006, we observed an increase in a novel multidrug-resistant clone of S. Typhimurium with no recognized phage type.

Afferent connections of the perirhinal cortex in the rat.

Connections of the perirhinal cortex in the rat brain were studied using anterograde (3H-proline/leucine) and retrograde (horseradish peroxidase) tracers. The perirhinal cortex receives major projections from medial precentral, anterior cingulate, prelimbic, ventral lateral orbital, ventral and posterior agranular insular, temporal, superior and granular parietal, lateral occipital, agranular retrosplenial, and ectorhinal cortices, and from the presubiculum, subiculum, and diagonal band of Broca. Rostral neocortical areas project predominantly to rostral perirhinal regions while more caudal neocortical and subicular areas project predominantly to caudal perirhinal regions.

Thalamocortical mechanisms in odor-guided behavior. I. Effects of lesions of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and frontal cortex on olfactory discrimination in the rat.

The "core" subnucleus of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) receives direct input from olfactory cortex in the rat. This part of MD projects to the frontal neocortex of the rhinal sulcus (RS), while other parts of the MD project to the anterior medial wall of the neocortex (MW). In this study, rats were tested on odor threshold, detection of specific odors, and three odor discriminations both before and after lesions of MD, MW, RS, or sham lesions.