Influence of environmental conditions and surface treatments on the photoluminescence properties of GaN nanowires and nanofins.

Due to their intrinsically large surface-to-volume ratio, nanowires and nanofins interact strongly with their environment. We investigate the role of the main air constituents nitrogen, oxygen and water on the efficiency of radiative recombination in GaN nanostructures as a function of different surface treatments and at temperatures up to 200 °C. Oxygen and water exposures exhibit a complex behavior as they can both act quenching and enhancing on the photoluminescence intensity dependent on the temperature.

Surface-Anisotropic Janus Silicon Quantum Dots via Masking on 2D Silicon Nanosheets.

Surface-anisotropic nanoparticles represent a new class of materials that shows potential in a variety of applications, including self-assembly, microelectronics, and biology. Here, the first synthesis of surface-anisotropic silicon quantum dots (SiQDs), obtained through masking on 2D silicon nanosheets, is presented. SiQDs are deposited on the 2D substrate, thereby exposing only one side of the QDs, which is functionalized through well-established hydrosilylation procedures.

Anapole Excitations in Oxygen-Vacancy-Rich TiO Nanoresonators: Tuning the Absorption for Photocatalysis in the Visible Spectrum.

Research on optically resonant dielectric nanostructures has accelerated the development of photonic applications, driven by their ability to strongly confine light on the nanoscale. However, as dielectric resonators are typically operated below their band gap to minimize optical losses, the usage of dielectric nanoantenna concepts for absorption enhancement has largely remained unexplored. In this work, we realize engineered nanoantennas composed of photocatalytic dielectrics and demonstrate increased light-harvesting capabilities in otherwise weakly absorptive spectral regions.

Photo-induced selective etching of GaN nanowires in water.

Nanowire (NW) based devices for solar driven artificial photosynthesis have gained increasing interest in recent years due to the intrinsically high surface to volume ratio and the excellent achievable crystal qualities. However, catalytically active surfaces often suffer from insufficient stability under operational conditions. To gain a fundamental understanding of the underlying processes, the photochemical etching behavior of hexagonal and round GaN NWs in deionized water under illumination are investigated.

Double-blind multicenter study of paroxetine and amitriptyline in depressed inpatients.

Paroxetine is a new compound in the group of the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors. The results of several open and double-blind control-group studies demonstrate clear antidepressive efficacy of paroxetine. However, most data were collected in samples of outpatients.

[Cerebral insufficiency--treatment with Ginkgo-biloba extract. Time of onset of effect in a double-blind study with 60 inpatients].

Sixty inpatients with cerebral insufficiency and the leading symptom depressive mood, were treated in a double-blind study for 6 weeks with a daily dose of 160 mg Ginkgo biloba extract or placebo. After 2, 4 and 6 weeks, changes in 12 typical symptoms in comparison with the last examination, were evaluated. In the group receiving placebo, small, but progressive improvements were observed.

[Mortality of hospitalized psychiatric patients--results of a 10-year study].

The mortality rate of 1239 psychiatric patients--609 men and 639 women, aged between 40 and 70 years, permanently hospitalized in 6 different German clinics--was registered, ten years after they had been examined for the incidence of cardiac risk factors in 1971 and 1972. The death rate figures were compared with the corresponding figures of the total population of the Federal Republic of Germany. In all age-groups mortality among psychiatric patients, both male and female, was higher than the average rate at Federal level.

[Clinical double blind study with the calcium antagonist flunarizine cerebral circulatory disturbances].

In a clinically controlled double-blind study the effect of flunarizine (Sibelium) was compared with that of placebo in patients with involutional depression (WHO's International Classification of Diseases (ICD No. 296.0) and with cerebral circulatory disturbances (ICD No.

Self-rating data as a selecting factor in clinical trials of psychotropic drugs.

In psychiatry the relationship between rating by others and self-rating has been discussed again and again. The question has been raised as to the influence of complete data material (all patients with self-rating and rating by others) on results, in comparison to results where patients without self-rating are not taken into evaluation. This question was answered by conducting a double-blind study which included two pharmacologically active substances (amitriptylinoxide and trazodone) and two sub-samples of patients (patients with rating by others and self-rating, and patients with rating by others alone).

[Mortality in hospitalized psychiatric patients (results from a 5-year study) (author's transl)].

During 5 years we have registered mortality in 1239 chronic hospitalized psychiatric patients (609 men and 630 women) aged between 40-70 years in 6 German hospitals. We examined this patients on incidence of cardial riskfactors. The death rates were compared to the others of BRD.

[Drug monitoring in psychiatry (author's transl)].

The Study Group for Drug Surveillance in Psychiatry (AMUP) has been working since July 1978 as a task force group of the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie" (AGNP). A protocol was designed for the initiation of drug monitoring in psychiatric hospitals. With support of the Bundesgesundheitsamt, Berlin, the first part of this project was started as a practicability study in the psychiatric hospitals of the Universities of Berlin, Göttingen, and Munich and in the municipal hospital of Schleswig.

[Drug monitoring in neurology (author's transl)].

Medication and side-effects were investigated in 115 hospitalized epileptic patients. General side-effects were registered in 12.7%, however, only 5.

[ECG changes in psychiatric patients under long-term therapy with psychopharmaca (author's transl)].

Within the scope of an epidemiologic study on risk factors and coronary heart diseases, 1726 mentally ill, aged 40-69, under permanent hospitalization were examined electrocardiographically. There were few pronounced indications of a relationship between pathological ECG findings and psychopharmaca. ECG changes were rarest among patients treated exclusively with non-tricyclic drugs, and most often among those patients who received tricyclics and non-tricyclics simultaneously.

[ECG changes in psychiatric patients under long-term therapy with psychopharmacological drugs (author's transl)].

1726 psychiatric patients, aged 40-69, under permanent hospitalization were examined electrocardiographically. There were few pronounced indications of a relationship between pathological ECG findings and drugs. ECG changes, mainly T-flattening, were rarest among patients treated exclusively with non-tricyclic drugs, and most often among those patients who received tricyclic and non-tricyclic compounds simultaneously.

[Studies on cardio-circulatory effects of carpipramine. Results of a double-blind study (author's transl)].

For eight weeks 30 psychotic patients with a healthy cardiovascular system received 3 X 50 mg 1-[3-(10,11-dihydro=5H-dibenz[b,f]-azepin-5-yl]-propyl]-4-piperidiono-piperdine-4-carboxamide dihydrochloride-monohydrate (carpipramine) per day with a placebo phase of three weeks either previous to the medication of succeeding it. In addition there was a group of similar patients without any medication. From this study it was concluded that carpipramide has no depressive effect on the cardiovascular system.

[The mortality from ischaemic heart diseases in hospitalized psychiatric patients (author's transl)].

In 1357 chronic hospitalized psychiatric patients (641 men and 716 women) aged between 40 and 69 years the mortality during 30 months was registered, referring for a prevalent study about riskfactors. The death rates for ischaemic heart diseases in hospitalized patients were 2,5-3,5 times as high as states in the statistic for total population of BRD. The majority of dead patients had two or more of the known riskfactors, more as the half of the dead patients had a manifest diabetes mellitus or a disorder of oral glucose tolerance test.

[Double-blind clinical study of carpipramine/placebo (author's transl)].

A statistically planned double blind cross-over test with the substances 1-[3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b;f]-azepin-5-yl)-propyl]-4-piperidino-piperidine-4-carboxamide dihydrochloride-monohydrate (carpipramine, BAY b 4343 b) and placebo (BAY b 4343 a) was carried out on 30 long-term hospitalized schizophrenic patients. The study was evaluated by means of the kappa2-test and yielded the following results: 1. It could be statistically proved that carpipramine has a positive effect on psycho-pathological disorders in the behaviour of long-term hospitalized schizophrenic patients (kappa2 = 9.