RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS DUE TO POSTERIOR NUTCRACKER SYNDROME.

Thrombosis of the left renal vein (LRV) is a rare occurrence usually associated with hypercoagulable disorders. It may also be caused by extrinsic compression due to anatomical variations. Such variations, known as nutcracker phenomenon (NP), are usually completely asymptomatic, and they have been described in three variants: a narrowed aortomesenteric angle (AMA) with entrapment of the LRV; a second, rarer variant with an anomalous retro aortic LRV compressed between the abdominal aorta (AA) and the spine (posterior nutcracker syndrome, PNCS); and a third variant with a duplicated LRV with a pre- and retroaortic course, compressed both anteriorly and posteriorly.

Biomechanical evaluation of naviculocuneiform fixation with lag screw and locking plates.

Background: There have been no biomechanical evaluations of naviculocuneiform (NC) joint fixation. This study compared biomechanically 3 different fixation constructs for NC-1-3 joint fixation.

Methods: The present study compared the three fixation constructs lag screw with locking plate for each NC joint, two crossed lag screws for each NC joint and a separate lag screw for each NC joint with bridging locking plates.

Manganese-mediated MRI signals correlate with functional β-cell mass during diabetes progression.

Diabetes diagnostic therapy and research would strongly benefit from noninvasive accurate imaging of the functional β-cells in the pancreas. Here, we developed an analysis of functional β-cell mass (BCM) by measuring manganese (Mn(2+)) uptake kinetics into glucose-stimulated β-cells by T1-weighted in vivo Mn(2+)-mediated MRI (MnMRI) in C57Bl/6J mice. Weekly MRI analysis during the diabetes progression in mice fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFD) showed increased Mn(2+)-signals in the pancreas of the HFD-fed mice during the compensation phase, when glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were improved and BCM was increased compared with normal diet-fed mice.

Prolonged heparin-free extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in multiple injured acute respiratory distress syndrome patients with traumatic brain injury.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used as an "ultima ratio" strategy in multiple injured patients with severe thoracic trauma. However, systemic anticoagulation during ECMO is recommended and thus traumatic brain injury (TBI) and intracranial bleeding are well-accepted contraindications for ECMO therapy.

Methods: This report describes three cases of prolonged heparin-free venovenous ECMO in multiple injured acute respiratory distress syndrome patients with severe TBI failing conventional mechanical ventilation.

Combining "open-lung" ventilation and arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist: influence of different tidal volumes on gas exchange in experimental lung failure.

Background: Although low-tidal ventilation may reduce mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), it can also result in severe respiratory acidosis and lung derecruitment. This study tested the hypothesis that combining "open-lung" ventilation and arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist (av-ECLA) allows for maximal tidal volume (VT) reduction without the development of decompensated respiratory acidosis and impairment of oxygenation.

Material/methods: After induction of ARDS in eight female pigs (56.

[Which perioperative tidal volume for patients with healthy lungs undergoing elective surgery? A qualitative systematic review of current evidence].

Background: Lung-protective ventilation strategies for patients suffering from acute lung injury (ALI/ARDS) are well- accepted measures to improve outcome including mortality. But what tidal volume is the best for the patient with non-injured lungs undergoing elective surgery?

Methods: We searched the literature for studies that analysed perioperative tidal volume in patients not suffering from ALI/ARDS.

Results: 10 studies were detected that matched our query.

Acute respiratory distress induced by repeated saline lavage provides stable experimental conditions for 24 hours in pigs.

Surfactant depletion is most often used to study acute respiratory failure in animal models. Because model stability is often criticized, the authors tested the following hypotheses: Repeated pulmonary lavage with normal saline provides stable experimental conditions for 24 hours with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 300 mm Hg. Lung injury was induced by bilateral pulmonary lavages in 8 female pigs (51.

Arteriovenous Extracorporeal Lung Assist Allows For Maximization Of Oscillatory Frequencies: A Large-animal Model Of Respiratory Distress.

Background: Although the minimization of the applied tidal volume (VT) during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) reduces the risk of alveolar shear stress, it can also result in insufficient CO₂-elimination with severe respiratory acidosis. We hypothesized that in a model of acute respiratory distress (ARDS) the application of high oscillatory frequencies requires the combination of HFOV with arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist (av-ECLA) in order to maintain or reestablish normocapnia.

Methods: After induction of ARDS in eight female pigs (56.

Combination of arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in a porcine model of lavage-induced acute lung injury: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: To compare the combined effects of arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist (AV-ECLA) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) on pulmonary gas exchange, hemodynamics, and respiratory parameters in a lavage-induced porcine lung injury model.

Methods: A prospective, randomized animal study. Saline lung lavage was performed in 33 healthy female pigs, weighing 52 +/- 4.

Measurement of human tricarboxylic acid cycle rates during visual activation by (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Measurement by (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the incorporation of label from [1-(13)C] glucose, initially into C4 of glutamate, allows the regional tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux (F(TCA)) to be determined in the human brain. In this study, a direct (13)C MRS approach was used at 3T, with NOE enhancement and (1)H decoupling with WALTZ16, to determine basal F(TCA) in six volunteers. The values found in the visual cortex are similar to those reported in previous (13)C MRS studies, and consistent with PET measurements of the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, CMRglc.

An integrated strategy for evaluation of metabolic and oxidative defects in neurodegenerative illness using magnetic resonance techniques.

The number of physiologic and metabolic phenomena amenable to analysis using magnetic resonance (MR) techniques is increasing every year. MR techniques can now evaluate tissue parameters relevant to TCA cyclemetabolism, anerobic glycolysis, ATP levels, blood-brain barrier permeability, macrophage infiltration, cytotoxic edema, spreading depression, cerebral blood flow and volume, and neurotransmitter function. The paramagnetic nature of certain oxidation states of iron leads to the ability to map out brain function using deoxyhemoglobin as an endogenous contrast agent, and also allows for mapping of local tissue iron concentrations.

A localized double-quantum filter for the in vivo detection of brain glucose.

A double-quantum filter (DQF) sequence with PRESS localization was developed for in vivo detection of the glucose resonances in the 3.85-ppm region of the brain proton spectrum. The efficiency and spectral editing characteristics were studied in phantom and animal experiments.