Sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge and adequate attitudes about HIV in women of reproductive age from Peru.

Background: To determine the sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge and adequate attitudes about HIV in women of reproductive age from Peru in 2021.

Materials And Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. We analyzed a demographic and family health survey (ENDES) 2021 carried out in women of reproductive age (12 to 49 years of age).

How the Field of Infectious Diseases Can Leverage Digital Strategy and Social Media Use During a Pandemic.

Rapid information dissemination is critical in a world changing rapidly due to global threats. Ubiquitous internet access has created new methods of information dissemination that are rapid, far-reaching, and universally accessible. However, inaccuracies may accompany rapid information dissemination, and rigorous evaluation of primary data through various forms of peer review is crucial.

Donor-derived renal allograft mucormycosis in a combined liver and kidney transplantation: Case report and review of the literature.

Mucormycosis infrequently may present with isolated renal involvement. Among solid organ transplant recipients, renal allograft mucormycosis has been most often associated with medical tourism or transplantation outside of the western world. We report a case of an HIV/HCV co-infected woman who underwent simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation with a Public Health Service increased risk donor organ.

Alternative pneumocystis prophylaxis in solid organ transplant recipients at two large transplant centers.

Background: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the drug of choice for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis and has activity against other opportunistic infections (OIs) after solid organ transplant (SOT). We aimed to describe the incidence, reasons for and outcomes of use of alternative prophylactic agents (APAs) across SOT programs in our high volume centers.

Methods: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) at our centers from 1/2015-12/2016 were identified.

Safety and efficacy of chronic suppressive azole therapy for endemic fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients.

Background: Although the research is limited, treatment guidelines recommend lifelong suppressive azole therapy for disseminated endemic fungal infection (EFI) after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Suppressive azole therapy may prevent EFI recurrence at the risk of hepatotoxicity and drug interactions. We present real-world safety and effectiveness data of chronic suppressive azole therapy for EFI in SOT recipients over a 10-year period at a single comprehensive transplant center.

Cytomegalovirus infection in heart transplantation: A single center experience.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a major complication after heart transplantation with varying prophylaxis strategies employed. We sought to determine the impact of valganciclovir (VGC) duration on the epidemiology of CMV infections after heart transplantation.

Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study of CMV donor (D) or recipient (R) seropositive heart transplant recipients from 2005 to 2012 who completed VGC prophylaxis, ranging from 3 to 12 months according to serostatus and induction immunosuppression.

Ganciclovir Dosing Strategies and Development of Cytomegalovirus Resistance in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Case Report.

In renal transplant recipients, delayed graft function and accompanying renal impairment may lead to therapeutic underexposure of valganciclovir. We describe a case of a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seronegative kidney transplant recipient from a CMV-seropositive donor, whose course was complicated during valganciclovir prophylaxis by CMV disease, ultimately progressing to ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir resistance. Assessments and adjustments for renal dysfunction, according to both Cockgroft-Gault and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equations, are described.

Resolution of acyclovir-associated neurotoxicity with the aid of improved clearance estimates using a Bayesian approach: A case report and review of the literature.

What Is Known And Objective: Neurotoxicity is a side effect of acyclovir. We report the first case, to our knowledge, whereby Bayesian-informed clearance estimates supported a therapeutic intervention for acyclovir-associated neurotoxicity.

Case Summary: A 62-year-old male with the diagnosis of disseminated zoster was being treated with intravenous (IV) acyclovir when he developed symptoms of acute neurotoxicity.

Variability in assessing for BK viremia: whole blood is not reliable and plasma is not above reproach - a retrospective analysis.

Polyomavirus nephropathy (PVN) is a major complication of kidney transplantation. Most reports describe polyomavirus viremia either precedes or is detectable at the time of diagnosis of PVN. This association is the basis of current screening recommendations.

Invasive fungal infection after heart transplantation: A 7-year, single-center experience.

Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are an infrequent but major complication of heart transplantation (HT). We sought to describe the epidemiology at our institution.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of 159 heart transplant recipients was performed from June 2005 to December 2012.

Prolonged norovirus infection after pancreas transplantation: a case report and review of chronic norovirus.

Norovirus is a major cause of self-limited gastroenteritis worldwide. Prevention and treatment are thwarted by rapid viral evolution, and thus supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy. Chronic infection in immunocompromised hosts is increasingly described.

Diagnostic yields in solid organ transplant recipients admitted with diarrhea.

Background: Although diarrhea is a frequent complaint among solid organ transplant recipients, the contribution of infectious etiologies remains incompletely defined. We sought to define the etiologies of diarrhea and the yields of testing at our institution.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis over an 18-month period of hospitalized solid organ transplant recipients.

HIV and Stem Cell Transplantation.

In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons, the incidence of hematologic malignancies, including leukemia and lymphoma, is increased despite the use of successful antiretroviral therapy. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is emerging as a safe and effective therapy for HIV-infected persons with hematologic malignancies. Management of these patients is complicated by drug-drug interactions involving antiretroviral therapy (ART) that may impact conditioning agent efficacy and metabolism of immunosuppressive medications and potentiate drug toxicities.

Impact of repeat testing of living kidney donors within 14 days of the transplant procedure: a multicenter retrospective survey.

Background: A transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from a live kidney donor prompted recommendations by the New York State Department of Health and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that all live donors undergo additional screening for HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) within 7-14 days of the donation procedure. There are concerns that re-screening will result in delays and cancelled transplants.

Methods: We surveyed live-donor transplant centers in New York State to assess their screening protocols and outcomes.

Considerations for screening live kidney donors for endemic infections: a viewpoint on the UNOS policy.

In February 2013, the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network mandated that transplant centers perform screening of living kidney donors prior to transplantation for Strongyloides, Trypanosoma cruzi and West Nile virus (WNV) infection if the donor is from an endemic area. However, specific guidelines for screening were not provided, such as the optimal testing modalities, timing of screening prior to donation and the appropriate selection of donors. In this regard, the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice, together with disease-specific experts, has developed this viewpoint document to provide guidance for the testing of live donors for Strongyloides, T.

EFV/FTC/TDF-associated hepatotoxicity: a case report and review.

The fixed-dose combination efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir (EFV/FTC/TDF) is a first-line agent for the treatment of HIV. We report the case of a 40-year-old female with a history of HIV acquired through heterosexual contact who initiated EFV/FTC/TDF. Hepatitis B and C serologies were negative, CD4 cell count was 253 cells per cubic millimeter (15.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes in hospitalized patients with respiratory viral co-infection during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic.

Background: The clinical consequences of co-infection with two or more respiratory viruses are poorly understood. We sought to determine if co-infection with pandemic 2009-2010 influenza A H1N1 (pH1N1) and another respiratory virus was associated with worse clinical outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed of all hospitalized patients with a positive respiratory viral panel (RVP) for two or more viruses within 72 hours of admission at our institution from October 2009 to December 2009.

Update on donor-derived infections in liver transplantation.

Advances in surgical techniques, immunosuppressive medications, and robust infectious disease prophylaxis have resulted in liver transplantation becoming the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage liver disease and unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Nonetheless, organ transplantation is not without risk. Unexpected donor-derived disease transmission is a newly recognized risk that complicates approximately 0.

Rectal adenocarcinoma: proposal for a model based on pretreatment prognostic factors.

Objective: Currently the choice of chemotherapy regimen in rectal cancer is made prior to surgery in contrast to colon cancer where it is made postoperatively after the pathological stage has been determined. If we could identify which are the important pretreatment prognostic factors in rectal cancer, we could then target those patients with unfavorable features to investigate potentially more effective preoperative chemotherapy regimens aimed at those with unfavorable features. The present study aimed to determine pre-treatment prognostic factors that are associated with an unfavorable outcome.

Anal warts and anal intradermal neoplasia.

For the last five millennia we have been dealing with the annoyance of verrucas. Anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States and is increasing in incidence. As in other gastrointestinal conditions, HPV infection can lead to a stepwise transition from normal cells to dysplastic cells and then to invasive anal cancer.

Rituximab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of 15 prospective studies.

In HIV-positive patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), no benefit of adding rituximab to chemotherapy was seen in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). We performed a meta-analysis of prospective studies to ascertain outcomes in HIV-positive NHL patients treated with chemotherapy (chemo) versus rituximab and chemo (R-chemo). A literature search through September 2011 was performed using the key search "(HIV OR AIDS) AND lymphoma".

Distinguishing characteristics between pandemic 2009-2010 influenza A (H1N1) and other viruses in patients hospitalized with respiratory illness.

Background: Differences in clinical presentation and outcomes among patients infected with pandemic 2009 influenza A H1N1 (pH1N1) compared to other respiratory viruses have not been fully elucidated.

Methodology/principal Findings: A retrospective study was performed of all hospitalized patients at the peak of the pH1N1 season in whom a single respiratory virus was detected by a molecular assay targeting 18 viruses/subtypes (RVP, Luminex xTAG). Fifty-two percent (615/1192) of patients from October, 2009 to December, 2009 had a single respiratory virus (291 pH1N1; 207 rhinovirus; 45 RSV A/B; 37 parainfluenza; 27 adenovirus; 6 coronavirus; and 2 metapneumovirus).