Omicron XBB.1.16-Adapted Vaccine for COVID-19: Interim Immunogenicity and Safety Clinical Trial Results.

(1) Background: The global coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination adapts to protect populations from emerging variants. This communication presents interim findings from the new Omicron XBB.1.

Inhaler Adherence in COPD: A Crucial Step Towards the Correct Treatment.

COPD is a typical example of chronic disease. As such, treatment adherence tends to be as low as between 30% and 50%, with specific issues in COPD due to the use of inhaled therapies. Decreased adherence in COPD is associated with worse outcomes, with increased risk for exacerbations and long-term mortality.

Characterization of COPD Admissions During the First COVID-19 Outbreak.

Purpose: Exacerbations of COPD (ECOPD) are a frequent cause of hospitalization that seemed to ameliorate during the COVID outbreak. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of COPD-related hospital admissions and mortality in relation to the presence of COVID-19.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a case-control study of patients admitted in four teaching hospitals throughout Spain between March 15 and April 30, 2020.

Efficacy of FF/UMEC/VI compared with FF/VI and UMEC/VI in patients with COPD: subgroup analysis of the Spain cohort in IMPACT.

Objectives: The IMPACT trial has compared the benefit in the reduction of moderate/severe exacerbations of single inhaler triple therapy (SITT) with fluticasone furoate (FF)/umeclidinium (UMEC)/vilanterol (VI) dual therapy with FF/VI (ICS/LABA) and UMEC/VI (LAMA/LABA) in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive disease (COPD). This study performs a subgroup analysis of the cohort from Spain in the IMPACT study.

Materials And Methods: In IMPACT, a 52-week randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study ( = 10,355), patients ⩾40 years of age with COPD and ⩾1 moderate/severe exacerbations in the previous year were randomized 2:2:1 to once-daily FF/UMEC/VI 100/62.

The lung function profile of once-daily tiotropium and olodaterol via Respimat(®) is superior to that of twice-daily salmeterol and fluticasone propionate via Accuhaler(®) (ENERGITO(®) study).

Background: Tiotropium + olodaterol has demonstrated improvements beyond lung function benefits in a large Phase III clinical program as a once-daily maintenance treatment for COPD and may be a potential option for the initiation of maintenance treatment in COPD. Despite guideline recommendations that combined long-acting β2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids should only be used in individuals at high risk of exacerbation, there is substantial use in individuals at lower risk. This raises the question of the comparative effectiveness of this combination as maintenance treatment in this group compared to other combination regimens.

Comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Related to disease severity?

Background And Objective: Several diseases commonly co-exist with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially in elderly patients. This study aimed to investigate whether there is an association between COPD severity and the frequency of comorbidities in stable COPD patients.

Patients And Methods: In this multicenter, cross-sectional study, patients with spirometric diagnosis of COPD attended to by internal medicine departments throughout Spain were consecutively recruited by 225 internal medicine specialists.

Prevalence of anaemia associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Study of associated variables.

Background: Anaemia is one of the extrapulmonary manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Its real prevalence, physiopathology and clinical repercussion are unknown. The objectives of our study were: to determine the prevalence of anaemia in patients with stable COPD not attributable to other causes and to establish the relationship of anaemia with clinical, prognostic and inflammatory markers with an important role in COPD.

[Prognosis following acute exacerbation of COPD treated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation].

Introduction: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who survived an acute exacerbation with acute respiratory failure that required non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) are a group with a poor medium-term prognosis.

Objective: To identify re-admission and mortality rates within one year from discharge and to analyse factors associated with both events in a consecutive series of COPD patients treated with NIMV.

Methods: A cohort of 93 COPD patients who survived an acute exacerbation and who required NIMV was followed up after discharge.

Analysis of the molecular expression profile of non small cell lung carcinoma associated to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an independent risk factor to develop lung cancer but there are no different functional clusters of biomarkers between patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with or without COPD. To analyse protein expression, in order to find out whether samples of resected NSCLC from patients with COPD present a different molecular expression. Observational, cohort, concurrent study with sampling since treatment of disease in patients with NSCLC in initial stages (pIA-pIIB) treated surgically in our hospital between October 1993 and September 1997.

[Failure of levofloxacin therapy in two cases of community-acquired pneumonia caused by fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and complicated with empyema].

Background: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to Streptococcus pneumoniae is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality. We communicate two cases of CAP with complications. In both cases levofloxacin-resistant S.

[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia resolved through antiretroviral therapy in an adult infected by human immunodeficiency virus].

Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a rare entity characterized by the infiltration of interstitial tissues and alveolar spaces by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and other lymphoreticular structures. The etiology of LIP is unknown, although associations with autoimmune and infectious factors have been described. The incidence of LIP has risen in recent years, mainly in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), while remaining less common in the adult population.

[Pleural mesothelioma: experience with 62 cases in 9 years].

Objectives: To describe the diagnostic approach, clinical and radiological characteristics, and survival of patients with pleural mesothelioma treated in our hospital over a 9-year period.

Patients And Method: All patients with a diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma diagnosed in our hospital from January 1992 through December 2000 were studied.

Results: Sixty-two patients (49 men) with a mean age of 65 years (range, 45-85) were diagnosed.

Clinical implications of appearance of pleural fluid at thoracentesis.

Study Objectives: The aims of this study were to describe the different appearances of pleural fluid during thoracentesis and their frequency in relation to diagnosis, and to evaluate the causes and clinical implications of bloody pleural effusions.

Setting: Tertiary care, university-affiliated hospital.

Subjects And Methods: Seven hundred fifteen patients with pleural effusion were prospectively assessed from December 1991 to December 1997.

Interferon gamma levels in pleural fluid for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Purpose: To assess the utility of interferon gamma levels, including identification of the best cutoff for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Methods: We prospectively studied consecutive patients in a tertiary care, university-affiliated hospital who had pleural effusions. Interferon gamma levels were measured blindly by radioimmunoassay.

Diagnostic value of CA 549 in pleural fluid. Comparison with CEA, CA 15.3 and CA 72.4.

Several tumor markers have been evaluated in pleural fluid, but their clinical role has not been firmly established. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of carbohydrate antigen 549 (CA 549) levels in pleural fluid, and to compare it with another previously studied tumor markers: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 15.3 and CA 72.

Endobronchial hamartoma.

Objectives: To describe clinical, endoscopic, radiographic, and follow-up characteristics of a series of patients in whom endobronchial hamartoma (EH) had been diagnosed.

Methods: Retrospective study of all cases of hamartoma diagnosed by bronchial biopsy between 1974 and 1997 in a tertiary referral hospital in Madrid, Spain.

Results: EH was diagnosed 47 patients during the study period.

Persistent cavitations in pulmonary mucormycosis after apparently successful amphotericin B.

A 67-year-old diabetic male developed bilateral pulmonary mucormycosis (PM). After long-term treatment with amphotericin B (cumulative dose of 30.6 g), clinical resolution was obtained, but small radiographic cavitations persisted.

[Mechanical ventilation in a respiratory ward. Evolution from 1994 to 2000].

Objective: To investigate the absolute and relative frequency of mechanical ventilation in the management of patients on a respiratory medicine ward between 1994 and 2000. To describe reasons for admission, mean hospital stay and outcomes.

Setting: A tertiary-care university hospital.

Amylase levels in pleural effusions: a consecutive unselected series of 841 patients.

Study Objectives: To describe the causes and relative frequency of amylase-rich pleural effusion (ARPE), and to study the origin and histologic type of the tumors with ARPE, the strength of the association between ARPE and the result of pleural cytology, and whether pleural amylase (PA) is a prognostic factor in the survival of patients with a malignant pleural effusion.

Setting: Tertiary-care, university-affiliated hospital.

Patients: Eight hundred forty-one consecutive patients with pleural effusion prospectively assessed from 1991 to 1999.

[Prospective study of 1,000 consecutive patients with pleural effusion. Etiology of the effusion and characteristics of the patients].

Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients with pleural effusion (PE) and the causes of PE in a prospective, consecutive series of patients.

Setting: A tertiary care hospital associated with the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain).

Patients: One thousand consecutive patients with PE for whom clinical signs indicated the need for diagnostic thoracocentesis were studied prospectively in our service from December 1991 to July 2000.

X-linked agammaglobulinaemia and squamous lung cancer.

A 32yr-old nonsmoking male, diagnosed as having X-linked agamma-globulinemia, presented with fever, cough with purulent sputum, a very intense back pain and a mass of 10 centimetres in lower left lobe. Diagnostic evaluation revealed a squamous cell carcinoma with very aggressive metastases at L3. Malignancies are the second leading cause of death in children and adults with congenital immunodeficiency disorders, mostly non-Hodgkin lymphomas and gastric and colon adenocarcinomas, but this is the first report of lung cancer in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia.

[Ambulatory diagnosis of patients requiring a pleural biopsy. Study of 100 consecutive cases].

Our aim was to describe our experience with outpatients requiring pleural biopsy. The first 100 patients with pleural exudate from whom at least one pleural biopsy specimen was taken on an outpatient basis at our hospital since January 1993. Clinical and radiological signs were recorded for all patients.