Tofacitinib and metformin reduce the dermal thickness and fibrosis in mouse model of systemic sclerosis.

Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is important in the process of inflammation and fibrosis. The adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) enzyme can affect JAK/STAT pathway. Tofacitinib is a pan-JAK inhibitör.

Secukinumab and metformin ameliorate dermal fibrosis by decreasing tissue interleukin-17 levels in bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis.

Although the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis is not exactly known, it is thought that immune activation has prominent roles in pathogenesis. Secukinumab is a monoclonal antibody against interleukin (IL)-17A. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic medication, has anti-proliferative, immunomodulating and anti-fibrotic activities.

Modulation of the excitability of stellate neurons in the ventral cochlear nucleus of mice by TRPM2 channels.

Oxidative stress-induced Ca permeable transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channels are expressed at high levels in the brain, appear to link neuronal excitability to cellular metabolism, and are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. We aimed to study the electrophysiological properties of TRPM2 channels in stellate cells of the mouse ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) using molecular, immunohistochemical and electrophysiological approaches. In the present study, the real time PCR analysis revealed the presence of the TRPM2 mRNA in the mouse VCN tissue.

Agomelatine potentiates anti-nociceptive effects of morphine in a mice model for diabetic neuropathy: involvement of NMDA receptor subtype NR1 within the raphe nucleus and periaqueductal grey.

Objectives: Opioid analgesics have been used for a long time in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. However, they have many side effects including tolerance development to a significant extent. Agomelatine, an atypical antidepressant, has been demonstrated to be effective in experimental studies on pain.

The decrease in hippocampal transient receptor potential M2 (TRPM2) channel and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 (CHRM1) is associated with memory loss in a surgical menopause rat model.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the association of transient receptor potential M2 (TRPM2) channel and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 (CHRM1) activity with the memorial functions that are deteriorated in surgical menopause.

Material And Methods: A total of 14 female rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: group (G)1: sham group; group (G)2: surgical menopause group, the group in which bilateral ovariectomy was performed. Fourteen days after the surgical procedure, learning and memorial tests were performed in G1 and G2 for a totally 13 days.

Resveratrol inhibits Src tyrosine kinase, STAT3, and Wnt signaling pathway in collagen induced arthritis model.

Resveratrol, a phytochemical, acts several cellular signaling pathways and has anti-inflammatory potentials. The purpose of this study is to research the therapeutic effect of resveratrol in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in rats and whether resveratrol affects the activities of signaling pathways those are potent pathogenic actors of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of chicken type II collagen combined with incomplete Freund's adjuvant in Wistar albino rats.

The increased expression of Piezo1 and Piezo2 ion channels in human and mouse bladder carcinoma.

Background: Piezo1/2, a mechanically activated ion channel, is believed to play an important role in bladder carcinogenesis process. Piezo1/2 expression has not been previously reported in urinary bladder carcinoma, and little is known about its significance in bladder carcinogenesis.

Objectives: In our study, we aimed to evaluate the Piezo1 and Piezo2 expression as developmental in mouse bladder tissue and bladder cancer tissue of mice and humans.

Ion channel gene expressions in infertile men: A case-control study.

Background: Infertility is described as not receiving pregnancy despite unprotected and regular sexual intercourse in a 1 yr period. It is detected by 15% of the couples. Male and female factor in the etiology may be detected in similar rates.

Modulation of Excitability of Stellate Neurons in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus of Mice by ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels.

Major voltage-activated ionic channels of stellate cells in the ventral part of cochlear nucleus (CN) were largely characterized previously. However, it is not known if these cells are equipped with other ion channels apart from the voltage-sensitive ones. In the current study, it was aimed to study subunit composition and function of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K) in stellate cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus.

Treatment with TREK1 and TRPC3/6 ion channel inhibitors upregulates microRNA expression in a mouse model of chronic mild stress.

Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by the mood of deep sadness. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs and ion channels have significant roles in the etiopathogenesis of depression. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the TREK1 ion channel inhibitor anandamide and the TRPC3/6 inhibitor norgestimate on microRNA expression and antidepressant effect in the mouse chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression.

Genetic polymorphism of antioxidant enzymes in eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic nasal polyposis.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses, and its pathophysiology is not yet precisely known. It is suggested that oxygen free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. This study aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms of superoxide dismutase (SOD 2), catalase (CAT), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzymes in eosinophilic CRSwNP and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP patients; the study also aimed to evaluate the effect of genetic polymorphism of antioxidant enzymes on CRSwNP etiopathogenesis.

The effects of hydrated C(60) fullerene on gene expression profile of TRPM2 and TRPM7 in hyperhomocysteinemic mice.

Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM2) and TRPM7 channels may be activated by oxidative stress. Hydrated C(60) fullerene (C(60)HyFn) have recently gained considerable attention as promising candidates for neurodegenerative states.

Potential relationship between BK virus and renal cell carcinoma.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential association between the presence of BK virus (BKV) DNA and mRNA and renal cell carcinoma and bladder transitional cell carcinoma. The formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples were obtained from 50 cancer patients with renal cell carcinoma, 40 cancer patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma, 45 control patients with the benign renal pathology, and from another 25 control patients with benign bladder pathology. The samples were subjected to nested PCR for detection of BKV DNA and real-time reverse transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR) for determining mRNA levels of BKV.

Effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide, clothianidin, on the reproductive organ system in adult male rats.

Clothianidin (CTD) is a novel, broad-spectrum insecticide. In the current study, it was aimed to study the effect of subchronic exposure to low doses of CTD (2, 8 and 24 mg/kg body weight/day) on the reproductive system in adult rats. CTD treatment did not significantly change serum testosterone level or sperm parameters (e.

Effects of resveratrol on blood homocysteine level, on homocysteine induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and cognitive dysfunctions in rats.

We aimed to examine the protective effects of resveratrol against homocysteine induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and cognitive impairment. Rats were randomly divided into three groups. Control group received standard rat food; homocysteine group (Hcy group) received daily methionine at a dose of 1g/kg-body weight dissolved in drinking water for thirty days; third group (Hcy+Res group) received same amount of methionine plus 20mg/kg/day resveratrol intraperitoneally for thirty days.

Insecticide imidacloprid induces morphological and DNA damage through oxidative toxicity on the reproductive organs of developing male rats.

We investigated whether treatment with imidacloprid would induce morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, antioxidant imbalance and apoptosis in the reproductive system of developing male rats. Twenty-four male rats were included in this 90-day study, starting at 7 days of age. The rats were divided into four groups.

Effects of clothianidin exposure on sperm quality, testicular apoptosis and fatty acid composition in developing male rats.

Clothianidin (CTD) is one of the latest members of the synthetic organic insecticides, the neonicotinoids. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate if daily oral administration of CTD at low doses for 90 days has any deleterious effects on reproductive functions of developing male rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each, assigned as control rats, or rats treated with 2 (CTD-2), 8 (CTD-8) or 32 (CTD-32) mg CTD/kg body weight by oral gavage.

Assessment of imidacloprid toxicity on reproductive organ system of adult male rats.

In the current study it was aimed to investigate the toxicity of low doses of imidacloprid (IMI) on the reproductive organ systems of adult male rats. The treatment groups received 0.5 (IMI-0.

Ghrelin gene polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: Ghrelin, an endogenous orexigenic peptide, has anti-inflammatory effects, down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines, and its altered levels are reported in various inflammatory diseases. The human preproghrelin (ghrelin/obestatin) gene shows several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including Arg51Gln, Leu72Met, Gln90Leu, and A-501C. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, and clinical significance, of these four SNPs in a small cohort of Turkish patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

The investigation of toll-like receptor 3, 9 and 10 gene polymorphisms in Turkish rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the induction and regulation of the innate immune system or adaptive immune responses. Genetic variations within human TLRs have been reported to be associated with a range of immune-related diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the frequencies of TLR3 rs3775290, TLR9 rs187084, and TLR10 rs4129009 polymorphisms and to detect between polymorphisms and autoantibody positive as RF, collagen type II, anti-RNP, and anti-CCP in patient group.

Effects of maternal hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine intake on oxidative stress and apoptosis in pup rat brain.

Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with a number of complications such as preeclampsia syndrome, thromboembolic events, repeated miscarriages, abruptio placentae, in utero fetal death, intrauterine fetal growth restriction and fetal neural tube defects. However, little is known about the mechanism of homocysteine on the degeneration of fetal brain. Thus, our study is aimed to investigate the effects of maternal hyperhomocysteinemia on oxidative stress and apoptosis in pup brain.

Familial mediterranean Fever: a retrospective clinical and molecular study in the East of anatolia region of Turkey.

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory periodic disorder. We aim to identify the distribution and the frequency of the Mediterranean Fever (MEFV) gene mutations in the east of Anatolia in Turkey and perform a genotype/phenotype correlation in the patients' cohort. The study was carried out on 415 clinically diagnosed Turkish FMF patients and 103 healthy controls.

Prevalence and significance of MEFV gene mutations in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: Pyrin/marenostrin, an inhibitory regulator of inflammation, is encoded by MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene. Mutations of this gene are the cause of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). A connection between MEFV gene mutations and rheumatic diseases has been suggested.

Evaluation of the polymorphism in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) genes of tympanosclerosis patients.

Objective: Although eardrum perforations which endure etiopathogenesis for a long-time and middle ear infections are proposed for causing the tympanosclerosis (TS), tympanosclerosis emerges in some chronic otitis media (COM), some of them do not appear although a continuing COM and enduring perforation last. In this study, the effect of the molecular reasons which display genetic differences in TS formation is evaluated; our aim is to determine the Asp299Gly polymorphism frequencies in the TLR4 gene of patients with TS who have COM, and patients who do not.

Materials And Methods: Patients who have undergone COM surgery, were divided into two groups of 50 persons who were selected in accordance with the fact, whether they had TS in their middle ear cavity or not during operation.

Melatonin inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis in fetal brains of hyperhomocysteinemic rat dams.

Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and complications during pregnancy. Increased homocysteine levels during pregnancy may elevate developmental risk on fetal brain structure and function. However, little is known about the mechanism of action of homocysteine on the degeneration of the fetal brain.