Enhancing Fetal Anomaly Detection in Ultrasonography Images: A Review of Machine Learning-Based Approaches.

Fetal development is a critical phase in prenatal care, demanding the timely identification of anomalies in ultrasound images to safeguard the well-being of both the unborn child and the mother. Medical imaging has played a pivotal role in detecting fetal abnormalities and malformations. However, despite significant advances in ultrasound technology, the accurate identification of irregularities in prenatal images continues to pose considerable challenges, often necessitating substantial time and expertise from medical professionals.

Semi-Automatic Algorithms for Estimation and Tracking of AP-Diameter of the IVC in Ultrasound Images.

Acutely ill patients presenting with conditions such as sepsis, trauma, and congestive heart failure require judicious resuscitation in order to achieve and maintain optimal circulating blood volume. Increasingly, emergency and critical care physicians are using portable ultrasound to approximate the temporal changes of the anterior-posterior (AP)-diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in order to guide fluid administration or removal. This paper proposes semi-automatic active ellipse and rectangle algorithms capable of improved and quantified measurement of the AP-diameter.

Estimation and tracking of AP-diameter of the inferior vena cava in ultrasound images using a novel active circle algorithm.

Medical research suggests that the anterior-posterior (AP)-diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and its associated temporal variation as imaged by bedside ultrasound is useful in guiding fluid resuscitation of the critically-ill patient. Unfortunately, indistinct edges and gaps in vessel walls are frequently present which impede accurate estimation of the IVC AP-diameter for both human operators and segmentation algorithms. The majority of research involving use of the IVC to guide fluid resuscitation involves manual measurement of the maximum and minimum AP-diameter as it varies over time.