A Systematic Review of Simulation-Based Training in Neurosurgery, Part 1: Cranial Neurosurgery.

Objective: The recent emphasis on simulation-based training in neurosurgery has led to the development of many simulation models and training courses. We aim to identify the currently available simulators and training courses for neurosurgery, assess their validity, and determine their effectiveness.

Methods: Both MEDLINE and Embase were searched for English language articles which validate simulation models for neurosurgery.

A Systematic Review of Simulation-Based Training in Neurosurgery, Part 2: Spinal and Pediatric Surgery, Neurointerventional Radiology, and Nontechnical Skills.

Objective: The increasing challenges facing the training of future neurosurgeons have led to continued development of simulation-based training, particularly for neurosurgical subspecialties. The simulators must be scientifically validated to fully assess their benefit and determine their educational effects. In this second part, we aim to identify the available simulators for spine, pediatric neurosurgery, interventional neuroradiology, and nontechnical skills, assess their validity, and determine their effectiveness.

Current status of simulation-based training in pediatric surgery: A systematic review.

Background: Simulation based training enables pediatric surgical trainees to attain proficiency in surgical skills. This study aims to identify the currently available simulators for pediatric surgery, assess their validation and strength of evidence supporting each model.

Methods: Both Medline and EMBASE were searched for English language articles either describing or validating simulation models for pediatric surgery.