Chlorine isotopes constrain a major drawdown of the Mediterranean Sea during the Messinian Salinity Crisis.

Hydrological restriction from the Atlantic Ocean transformed the Mediterranean Sea into a giant saline basin during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.97-5.33 million years ago).

ESR Essentials: role of PET/CT in neuroendocrine tumors-practice recommendations by the European Society for Hybrid, Molecular and Translational Imaging.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) originate from the secretory cells of the neuroendocrine system, with the majority arising in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Given the heterogeneity in the biological behavior and morphological differentiation of these tumors, advanced imaging techniques are crucial for supporting the suspected diagnosis, accurate staging, and monitoring therapy. As most well-differentiated NEN demonstrate overexpression of somatostatin receptors (SSR) on the cell surface, SSR-directed PET/CT is considered the reference standard for imaging of this particular entity.

ESR Essentials: staging and restaging with FDG-PET/CT in oncology-practice recommendations by the European Society for Hybrid, Molecular and Translational Imaging.

Positron emission tomography (PET) stands as the paramount clinical molecular imaging modality, especially in oncology. Unlike conventional anatomical-morphological imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PET provides detailed visualizations of internal activity at the molecular and cellular levels. 18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG)-PET combined with contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT) significantly improves the detection of various cancers.

Frequent CHD1 deletions in prostate cancers of African American men is associated with rapid disease progression.

We analyzed genomic data from the prostate cancer of African- and European American men to identify differences contributing to racial disparity of outcome. We also performed FISH-based studies of Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1) loss on prostate cancer tissue microarrays. We created CHD1-deficient prostate cancer cell lines for genomic, drug sensitivity and functional homologous recombination (HR) activity analysis.

[Imaging of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors].

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas have a broad biological spectrum. The treatment decision is based on an optimal diagnosis with regard to the local findings and possible locoregional and distant metastases. In addition to purely morphologic imaging procedures, functional parameters are playing an increasingly important role in imaging.

Validation of the standardization framework SSTR-RADS 1.0 for neuroendocrine tumors using the novel SSTR‑targeting peptide [F]SiTATE.

Objectives: Somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (SSTR-PET/CT) using [Ga]-labeled tracers is a widely used imaging modality for neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Recently, [F]SiTATE, a SiFAlin tagged [Tyr3]-octreotate (TATE) PET tracer, has shown great potential due to favorable clinical characteristics. We aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of Somatostatin Receptor-Reporting and Data System 1.

[Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract : Value of (hybrid) imaging diagnostics in radiology].

Clinical/methodical Issue: Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) represent a heterogeneous group of rare tumors that predominantly arise in the gastrointestinal tract. At the time of initial diagnosis, the NET has already spread locoregionally in about half of the patients, and 27% of patients have already developed distant metastases. Since this plays a crucial role in therapy planning, accurate diagnostic imaging is important.

Increased frequency of CHD1 deletions in prostate cancers of African American men is associated with rapid disease progression without inducing homologous recombination deficiency.

We analyzed genomic data derived from the prostate cancer of African and European American men in order to identify differences that may contribute to racial disparity of outcome and that could also define novel therapeutic strategies. In addition to analyzing patient derived next generation sequencing data, we performed FISH based confirmatory studies of Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 () loss on prostate cancer tissue microarrays. We created CRISPR edited, deficient prostate cancer cell lines for genomic, drug sensitivity and functional homologous recombination (HR) activity analysis.

Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Hit-and-Run Approaches Yield Efficient and Safe Gene Editing in Human Skin.

Despite exciting advances in gene editing, the efficient delivery of genetic tools to extrahepatic tissues remains challenging. This holds particularly true for the skin, which poses a highly restrictive delivery barrier. In this study, we ran a head-to-head comparison between Cas9 mRNA or ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-loaded lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver gene editing tools into epidermal layers of human skin, aiming for gene editing.

Diagnostic accuracy of SSR-PET/CT compared to histopathology in the identification of liver metastases from well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors.

Background: Histopathology is the reference standard for diagnosing liver metastases of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Somatostatin receptor-positron emission tomography / computed tomography (SSR-PET/CT) has emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging modality for staging NETs. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of SSR-PET/CT in the identification of liver metastases in patients with proven NETs compared to histopathology.

Validation of the SSTR-RADS 1.0 for the structured interpretation of SSTR-PET/CT and treatment planning in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients.

Objectives: The recently proposed standardized reporting and data system for somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeted PET/CT SSTR-RADS 1.0 showed promising first results in the assessment of diagnosis and treatment planning with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in neuroendocrine tumors (NET). This study aimed to determine the intra- and interreader agreement of SSTR-RADS 1.

The Role of Treatment Sequencing with Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors and BRAF/MEK Inhibitors for Response and Survival of Patients with BRAFV600-Mutant Metastatic Melanoma-A Retrospective, Real-World Cohort Study.

The advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) and BRAF/MEK-directed targeted therapy (TT) has improved the treatment landscape of patients with BRAFV600-mutant metastatic melanoma. While TT allows for rapid disease control, the development of secondary TT resistance limits the duration of responses. Responses to CPI have a slower onset but can be durable in a subset of patients.

Effect of Selected Antidepressants on Placental Homeostasis of Serotonin: Maternal and Fetal Perspectives.

Depression is a prevalent condition affecting up to 20% of pregnant women. Hence, more than 10% are prescribed antidepressant drugs, mainly serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). We hypothesize that antidepressants disturb serotonin homeostasis in the fetoplacental unit by inhibiting serotonin transporter (SERT) and organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) in the maternal- and fetal-facing placental membranes, respectively.

Moaning Phenomenon and Rapidly Progressive Dementia in Anti LGI-1 Associated Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Syndrome.

Background: Immunological causes of atypical parkinsonisms linked to neuronal specific antibodies have been recently reported. As these are potentially treatable disorders, it is desirable to identify which clinical features may suggest an autoimmune etiology.

Case Report: A 60-year-old-man with progressive supranuclear palsy associated with anti-LGI-1 antibodies presented with rapidly progressive dementia and moaning.

Fourth Nerve Paresis and Ipsilateral Horner's Syndrome: An Unusual Association.

Presence of a fourth nerve palsy and ipsilateral Horner's Syndrome (HS) is an exceptional association. A case of a 54 year-old patient with diplopia due to a fourth nerve palsy and acquired HS on the same is presented along with magnetic resonance images (MRI) revealing a mass in the right cavernous sinus. This new combination of ipsilateral signs is analyzed.

In Vivo Corneal Confocal Microscopy: Pre- and Post-operative Evaluation in a Case of Corneal Neurotization.

In this report, we analyse the pre- and post-operative corneal changes observed using in vivo confocal corneal microscopy in a patient with neurotrophic keratitis submitted to a corneal reinnervation surgical procedure. We describe favourable trophic changes observed at different levels of the patient's cornea, particularly in the sub-basal nerve plexus; complete absence of these neurological structures was observed before surgery, but appeared largely restored six months thereafter.

A Unique Case of Cervical Myelopathy in an Adult Patient with Scheie Syndrome.

Introduction: Scheie syndrome is an extremely rare systematic disease that represents the most attenuated form of mucopolysaccharidosis Type I disorder. Although associated with a variety of manifestations, Scheie syndrome leading to the development of cervical myelopathyis yet to be reported. Our purpose was to present a unique case of a Scheie syndrome patient, who underwent surgery due to cervical myelopathy, and to discuss the clinical and imaging findings, as well as the challenges and outcomes of surgical treatment.

A novel genomic alteration of LSAMP associates with aggressive prostate cancer in African American men.

Evaluation of cancer genomes in global context is of great interest in light of changing ethnic distribution of the world population. We focused our study on men of African ancestry because of their disproportionately higher rate of prostate cancer (CaP) incidence and mortality. We present a systematic whole genome analyses, revealing alterations that differentiate African American (AA) and Caucasian American (CA) CaP genomes.

Complete Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes N2306, a Strain Associated with the 2013-2014 Listeriosis Outbreak in Switzerland.

We present the complete genome sequence of Listeria monocytogenes N2306, a serotype 4b clinical strain isolated during the 2013-2014 nationwide listeriosis outbreak in Switzerland.

Sixth nerve palsy + ipsilateral Horner's Syndrome = Parkinson's Syndrome.

Purpose: To present five patients with VIth nerve palsy and ipsilateral Horner's Syndrome (HS), as a result of cavernous sinus alteration.

Study Design: Consecutive case series.

Material And Methods: Five patients presented abducens palsy with horizontal diplopia (3 in primary position and 2 in lateral gaze only) and ipsilateral HS.

Sterile Seroma Resulting from Multilevel XLIF Procedure as Possible Adverse Effect of Prophylactic Vancomycin Powder: A Case Report.

Study Design Case report. Objective The objective of this study was to present the unusual case of a 59-year-old woman with a reoccurring sterile postoperative seroma. Methods A patient was observed postoperatively for any complications or adverse side effects resulting from an initial multilevel anterior/posterior lumbar fusion surgery where 2 g (1 g combined with the bone graft used for posterolateral fusion and 1 g placed in the soft tissues) of prophylactic vancomycin powder was placed within the soft tissues posteriorly before wound closure.