The dried ripe fruits of Xanthium sibiricum (Cang'erzi) are used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of nasal congestion, nasal discharge, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and wind-cold headaches. Carboxyatractyloside and atractyloside are important constituents of the fruits because these diterpenoid glycosides are responsible for their toxicity. In order to evaluate procedures for reducing the amount of the more toxic carboxyatractyloside, the fruits were dried and heated with different methods.
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