Gas-Phase Characterization of Redox-Active Manganese Complexes.

Manganese complexes exhibit a rich redox chemistry, usually accompanied by structural reorganization during the redox processes often followed by ligand dissociation or association. The push-pull ligand 2,6-diguanidylpyridine (dgpy) stabilizes manganese in the oxidation states +II, +III, and + IV in the complexes [Mn(dgpy)] ( = 2-4) without change in the coordination sphere in the condensed phase [Heinze et al., , 61, 14616].

Oxidative two-state photoreactivity of a manganese(IV) complex using near-infrared light.

Highly reducing or oxidizing photocatalysts are a fundamental challenge in photochemistry. Only a few transition metal complexes with Earth-abundant metal ions have so far advanced to excited state oxidants. All these photocatalysts require high-energy light for excitation, and their oxidizing power has not been fully exploited due to energy dissipation before reaching the photoactive state.

An toxicological assessment of two electronic cigarettes: E-liquid to aerosolisation.

Interest in the toxicological assessment of iterations of e-cigarette devices, e-liquid formulations and flavour use is increasing. Here, we describe a multiple test matrix and approach to assess the biological impact of differing e-cigarette activation mechanism (button vs. puff-activated) and heating technology (cotton vs.

Coupled Potential Energy Surfaces Strongly Impact the Lowest-Energy Spin-Flip Transition in Six-Coordinate Nickel(II) Complexes.

Luminescent complexes of earth-abundant first-row transition metals are of renewed, broad interest due to their spectroscopic and photochemical properties as well as emerging applications. New strong-field polypyridine ligands have led to six-coordinate 3d chromium(III) complexes with intense spin-flip luminescence in solution at room temperature. The ground and emissive states both arise from the (t) electron configuration involving the d levels (O point group symmetry labels).

A contextualised e-cigarette testing strategy shows flavourings do not impact lung toxicity in vitro.

Vaping has the potential to reduce the individual health risks associated with smoking and e-cigarette flavours have been reported to help smokers' transition from cigarettes. In this manuscript, we provide evidence to support the reduced risk potential of e-cigarette aerosols and flavours by assessing commercially available e-liquids (Vuse ePod - Manufactured by British American Tobacco) in a 2D in vitro screening approach. We also analysed selected flavours using a more physiologically relevant 3D (MucilAir) whole aerosol exposure model, measuring toxicity and functional endpoints such as Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistance, Cilia Beat Frequency and Active Area.

The role of oligomerization in the optimization of cyclohexadienyl dehydratase conformational dynamics and catalytic activity.

The emergence of oligomers is common during the evolution and diversification of protein families, yet the selective advantage of oligomerization is often cryptic or unclear. Oligomerization can involve the formation of isologous head-to-head interfaces (e.g.

The Full d-d Redox Series of Mononuclear Manganese Complexes: Geometries and Electronic Structures of [Mn(dgpy)].

Although manganese ions exhibit a rich redox chemistry, redox processes are often accompanied by structural reorganization and a high propensity for ligand substitution, so that no complete structurally characterized manganese(II,III,IV) complex series without significant ligand sphere reorganization akin to the manganese(II,III,IV) oxides exists. We present here the series of pseudo-octahedral homoleptic manganese complexes [Mn(dgpy)] ( = 2-4) with the adaptable tridentate push-pull ligand 2,6-diguanidylpyridine (dgpy). Mn-N bond lengths and N-Mn-N bond angles change characteristically from = 2 to = 4, while the overall [MnN] coordination sphere is preserved.

A 3D in vitro comparison of two undiluted e-cigarette aerosol generating systems.

In vitro studies play an important role in supporting the toxicological assessment of e-cigarettes, with many current methods reliant on sophisticated in vitro exposure systems designed for conventional cigarette testing. In this study, we have compared two distinct systems; the modified Vitrocell VC10 and Borgwaldt LM4E designed to deliver undiluted e-cigarette aerosol. We assessed the cytotoxicity response of 3D reconstituted lung tissue (MucilAir) exposed to undiluted aerosol from ePen3 (closed modular e-cigarette) using these two exposure systems.

A screening approach for the evaluation of tobacco-free 'modern oral' nicotine products using Real Time Cell Analysis.

In many regulated industries there is an increasing pressure to provide timely and robust risk assessment data to support product launches. Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) is a tool that allows for the fast and relatively labour-free cytotoxic assessment of test compounds, compared to traditional methods. Here, we propose an application for the RTCA platform to provide a screening approach, to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of tobacco-free nicotine pouches, also termed modern oral product (MOP), to determine the contribution of differing nicotine strengths (4-11 mg) and a range of available flavour types from multiple markets, on overall product toxicity.

Real-time audio-visual feedback with handheld nonautomated external defibrillator devices during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for in-hospital cardiac arrest: A meta-analysis.

Objective: Restoring cardiopulmonary circulation with effective chest compression remains the cornerstone of resuscitation, yet real-time compressions may be suboptimal. This project aims to determine whether in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA; population), chest compressions performed with free-standing audiovisual feedback (AVF) device as compared to standard manual chest compression (comparison) results in improved outcomes, including the sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and survival to the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital discharge (outcomes).

Methods: Scholarly databases and relevant bibliographies were searched, as were clinical trial registries and relevant conference proceedings to limit publication bias.

In vitro biological assessment of the stability of cigarette smoke aqueous aerosol extracts.

Objectives: Cigarette smoke aqueous aerosol extracts (AqE) have been used for assessing tobacco products, particularly with in vitro models such as oxidative stress and inflammation. These test articles can be generated easily, but there are no standardised methods for the generation and characterisation or stability. We investigated the effects of pro-oxidant smoke-derived chemicals by using 3R4F AqE generated under standardised conditioning and smoking regimes and assessed the stability over 31-week timeframe.

An approach for the extract generation and toxicological assessment of tobacco-free 'modern' oral nicotine pouches.

Tobacco-free 'modern' oral nicotine pouches (MOPs), are similar in appearance and use to Swedish-style snus, but without tobacco. There are few identified methods to create test samples for toxicologically assessment of MOPs in vitro. In this study we present a simple method for the extraction of pouch material in cell culture media, providing consistent nicotine concentration and easy in vitro assessment.

Topiramate in the treatment of Prader-Willi syndrome: A case report.

Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurologic disorder caused by a mutation of chromosome 15, is characterized by such symptoms as hypotonia, hypogonadism, hyperphagia, cognitive impairment, and difficult behaviors. One of the most concerning symptoms is hyperphagia, which can lead to uncontrolled obesity. Obesity is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality in patients with PWS; however, diagnosing PWS early in life improves the prognosis.

Importance of Pharmacy Involvement in the Treatment of Sepsis.

: A review of the impact of pharmacists on appropriate medication selection, timing of administration, and as members of a multidisciplinary sepsis response team. : Early goal-directed therapy (EGDT), currently recommended by the 2013 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for the management of patients with sepsis, includes the administration of appropriate antibiotics in patients with septic shock within the first hour. Multidisciplinary teams containing pharmacists have been shown to decrease time to antibiotic delivery, time to antibiotic administration, and patient mortality.

An outbreak of sodium fluoroacetate (1080) intoxication in selenium- and copper-deficient sheep in California.

Sodium fluoroacetate is an organofluorine compound toxic to mammals, insects, and birds, currently registered for use only in livestock protection collars as a predacide in some North American states, with restricted use in California. A flock of 445 lambs and ewes in California were moved into a native pasture on a municipal refuse disposal site. Within 24 hours, 14 ewes were found dead, and the remaining sheep were moved off the site.

Postpartum pain relief: a randomized comparison of self-administered medication and standard administration.

Objective: To compare pain relief in postpartum women receiving analgesia administered by nurses with the relief achieved by use of self-administered medication (SAM).

Method: This randomized trial included women in spontaneous or induced labour or admitted for elective Caesarean section (CS). Women were stratified according to the mode of delivery.

IgE-antibody-dependent immunotherapy of solid tumors: cytotoxic and phagocytic mechanisms of eradication of ovarian cancer cells.

Abs have a paramount place in the treatment of certain, mainly lymphoid, malignancies, although tumors of nonhemopoietic origin have proved more refractory ones. We have previously shown that the efficacy of immunotherapy of solid tumors, in particular ovarian carcinoma, may be improved by the use of IgE Abs in place of the conventional IgG. An IgE Ab (MOv18 IgE) against an ovarian-tumor-specific Ag (folate binding protein), in combination with human PBMC, introduced into ovarian cancer xenograft-bearing mice, greatly exceeded the analogous IgG1 in promoting survival.

Role of IgE receptors in IgE antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis of ovarian tumor cells by human monocytic cells.

Antibodies directed against tumor-associated antigens are emerging as effective treatments for a number of cancers, although the mechanism(s) of action for some are unclear and still under investigation. We have previously examined a chimeric IgE antibody (MOv18 IgE), against the ovarian tumor-specific antigen, folate binding protein (FBP), and showed that it can direct human PBMC to kill ovarian cancer cells. We have developed a three-color flow cytometric assay to investigate the mechanism by which IgE receptors on U937 monocytes target and kill ovarian tumor cells.

Granulosa cell tumour: a recurrence 40 years after initial diagnosis.

Background: Granulosa cell tumours are rare ovarian malignancies accounting for 2% to 5% of ovarian tumours. They are characterized by late recurrences, with the latest recurrence reported 37 years after first diagnosis.

Case: A 73-year-old woman who had surgery for a granulosa cell tumour in her early 30s and who presented with a recurrence 40 years later.

An anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody inhibits the development of experimental skin tumors.

The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was originally considered to have activity against malignant disease. However, recent studies suggest TNF-alpha may also act as an endogenous tumor promoter. In the present work, mice deficient in TNF-alpha either genetically (TNF-alpha(-/-)) or after blockade with a neutralizing antibody (cV1q) were used to investigate the role of TNF-alpha in skin tumor development.

Activity of human monocytes in IgE antibody-dependent surveillance and killing of ovarian tumor cells.

We have previously shown that a chimeric IgE antibody against the folic acid receptor (MOv18 IgE) inhibits tumor growth in a SCID mouse model of ovarian carcinoma. MOv18 IgE gave greater protection than the corresponding chimeric MOv18 IgG1. We have now confirmed these effects in a nude-mouse model of ovarian carcinoma and have demonstrated for the first time that human monocytes are active in IgE antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Mice deficient in tumor necrosis factor-alpha are resistant to skin carcinogenesis.

Given the associations between chronic inflammation and epithelial cancer, we studied susceptibility to skin carcinogenesis in mice deficient for the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha (refs. 5,6). TNF-alpha(-/-) mice were resistant to development of benign and malignant skin tumors, whether induced by initiation with DMBA and promotion with TPA or by repeated dosing with DMBA.

Interferon gamma induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a model of ovarian cancer: enhancement of effect by batimastat.

Locoregional human IFN-gamma may have activity against refractory ovarian cancer. We investigated this further in an ovarian cancer xenograft model. Administered at clinically relevant doses, intraperitoneal IFN-gamma prolonged the survival of mice bearing multiple established peritoneal tumours, with optimal treatment giving a 3-6-fold increase in median survival time.

Risk factors for transmission and methods for control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection.

The major route of transmission of caprine-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is through the ingestion of CAEV-infected colostrum or milk. Less efficient routes of transmission are associated with prolonged contact with infected goats and are reviewed in this article. Prevention of CAEV is based on the removal of kids from their dam at birth, and feeding the kids heat-treated colostrum and pasteurized milk until weaning.