Spatially coherent modeling of 3D FDG-PET data for assessment of intratumoral heterogeneity and uptake gradients.

Radiomics have become invaluable for non-invasive cancer patient risk prediction, and the community now turns to exogenous assessment, e.g., from genomics, for interpretability of these agnostic analyses.

Predictors of F-DCFPyL PET/CT Positivity in Patients with Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer After Local Therapy.

Our objective was to investigate the factors predicting scan positivity and disease location in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) after primary local therapy using prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted F-DCFPyL PET/CT. This was a 2-institution study including 245 BCR PCa patients after primary local therapy and negative results on conventional imaging. The patients underwent F-DCFPyL PET/CT.

Radionuclide, magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging in European round back slugs (Arionidae) and leopard slugs (Limacidae).

Other than in animal models of human disease, little functional imaging has been performed in most of the animal world. The aim of this study was to explore the functional anatomy of the European round back slug (Arionidae) and leopard slug (Limacidae) and to establish an imaging protocol for comparative species study. Radionuclide images with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) were obtained after injections of standard clinical radiopharmaceuticals technetium dicarboxypropane diphosphonate (bone scintigraphy), technetium mercaptoacetyltriglycine (kidney function), technetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (kidney function), technetium pertechnetate (mediated by the sodium-iodide symporter), technetium sestamibi (cardiac scintigraphy) or F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (glucose metabolism) in combination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) for uptake anatomic definition.

Proton MR Spectroscopy Measurements of White and Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Humans: Relaxation Parameters and Unsaturated Fatty Acids.

Background Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rodents increases lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) and improves glucose tolerance. Adult humans can have metabolically active BAT. Implications for diabetes and obesity in humans require a better characterization of BAT in humans.

Evaluating Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Histologic Validation of F-DCFPyL PET/CT with Comparison to Multiparametric MRI.

Background Prostate cancer recurrence is found in up to 40% of men with prior definitive (total prostatectomy or whole-prostate radiation) treatment. Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET agents such as 2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-[18F]fluoro-pyridine 3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid (F-DCFPyL) may improve detection of recurrence compared with multiparametric MRI; however, histopathologic validation is lacking. Purpose To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of F-DCFPyL PET/CT based on histologic analysis and to compare with pelvic multiparametric MRI in men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.

F-Fluoroestradiol PET Imaging in a Phase II Trial of Vorinostat to Restore Endocrine Sensitivity in ER+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) may overcome endocrine resistance in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer. We tested whether F-fluoroestradiol PET imaging would elucidate the pharmacodynamics of combination HDACIs and endocrine therapy. Patients with ER+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer with prior clinical benefit from endocrine therapy but later progression on aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy were given vorinostat (400 mg daily) sequentially or simultaneously with AI.

F-DCFPyL PET/CT Imaging in Patients with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Primary Local Therapy.

Our objective was to investigate the lesion detection rate of F-DCFPyL PET/CT, a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET agent, in patients with biochemically relapsed prostate cancer after primary local therapy. This was a prospective institutional review board-approved study of 90 patients with documented biochemical recurrence (median prostate-specific antigen [PSA], 2.5 ng/mL; range, 0.

Immuno-PET Imaging of the Programmed Cell Death-1 Ligand (PD-L1) Using a Zirconium-89 Labeled Therapeutic Antibody, Avelumab.

Objective: The goal is to evaluate avelumab, an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody labeled with zirconium-89 in human PD-L1-expressing cancer cells and mouse xenografts for clinical translation.

Methods: [Zr]Zr-DFO-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was synthesized using avelumab conjugated to desferrioxamine. In vitro binding studies and biodistribution studies were performed with PD-L1+MDA-MB231 cells and MDA-MB231 xenograft mouse models, respectively.

Normal Values for Parotid Gland and Submandibular-Sublingual Salivary Gland Complex Uptake of 99mTechnetium Pertechnetate using SPECT in Mice with Respect to Age, Sex, and Circadian Rhythm.

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish normal values for parotid gland (PG) and submandibular-sublingual salivary gland complex (SSC) uptake of technetium pertechnetate (TcO) as a function of age, sex and circadian rhythm in mice.

Methods: In 12 female (F) and 12 male (M) C57BL/6N mice, nine consecutive SPECT images of 10 min each were acquired as dynamic acquisitions beginning 5 min after intravenous injection of 80 MBq TcO. Each mouse was imaged in follow-up studies at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of age.

A comparison of prostate cancer bone metastases on F-Sodium Fluoride and Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (F-PSMA) PET/CT: Discordant uptake in the same lesion.

Purpose: Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) PET/CT has been introduced as a sensitive method for characterizing metastatic prostate cancer. The purpose of this study is to compare the spatial concordance of F-NaF PET/CT and F-PSMA-targeted PET/CT within prostate cancer bone metastases.

Methods: Prostate cancer patients with known bone metastases underwent PSMA-targeted PET/CT (F-DCFBC or F-DCFPyL) and F-NaF PET/CT.

Biodistribution, Tumor Detection, and Radiation Dosimetry of F-5-Fluoro-2'-Deoxycytidine with Tetrahydrouridine in Solid Tumors.

In preclinical studies, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (FdCyd), an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase and DNA hypermethylation, has shown treatment efficacy against multiple malignancies by suppressing epigenetic hypermethylation in tumor cells. Several ongoing clinical trials are using FdCyd, and although some patients may respond to this drug, in most patients it is ineffective. Thus, establishing a noninvasive imaging modality to evaluate the distribution of the drug may provide insight into the variable responses.

Correction to: a Phase 2 Study of 16α-[18F]-Fluoro-17β-Estradiol Positron Emission Tomography (FES-PET) as a Marker of Hormone Sensitivity in Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC).

Two data points from Table 1. (continued) were published in error. The corrected data in Table 1.

Normal Values of Thyroid Uptake of 99mTechnetium Pertechnetate SPECT in Mice with Respect to Age, Sex, and Circadian Rhythm.

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish normal values for thyroid uptake of 99mtechnetium pertechnetate (TcO) as a function of age, sex and circadian rhythm in mice.

Methods: In 12 female (F) and 12 male (M) C57BL/6N mice, nine consecutive SPECT images of 10 min duration each were acquired as dynamic acquisitions beginning 5 min after intravenous injection of 80 MBq TcO. Each mouse was imaged in follow-up studies up to 24 months (A: 1 month; B: 3 months; C: 6 months; D: 12 months; E: 24 months).

Statistical assessment of treatment response in a cancer patient based on pre-therapy and post-therapy FDG-PET scans.

This work arises from consideration of sarcoma patients in which fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging pre-therapy and post-chemotherapy is used to assess treatment response. Our focus is on methods for evaluation of the statistical uncertainty in the measured response for an individual patient. The gamma distribution is often used to describe data with constant coefficient of variation, but it can be adapted to describe the pseudo-Poisson character of PET measurements.

Concurrent SPECT/PET-CT imaging as a method for tracking adoptively transferred T-cells in vivo.

Background: The ability of T-cells to traffic to and penetrate tumors impacts the clinical efficacy of T-cell therapy therefore methods to track transferred T-cells in vivo are needed. In this preliminary report, we evaluated the use of concurrent SPECT/PET-CT imaging to monitor the egress of HER-2/neu specific T-cells in a breast cancer patient with extensive bone-only metastatic disease.

Findings: Indium (In-111) labeled T-cells demonstrated similar or greater viability than unlabeled T-cells at either a low or high dose of In-111 over a 24-h incubation period in vitro.

S0502: A SWOG Phase III Randomized Study of Imatinib, With or Without Bevacizumab, in Patients With Untreated Metastatic or Unresectable Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.

Lessons Learned: Despite having significant rationale, S0502 failed to accrue for a number of reasons.Vetting a trial first, with scientific experts and funding agencies, does not guarantee success, especially when dealing with a rare tumor and/or one with an existing highly effective therapy.In the present case, adding an intravenous drug to an oral medication as part of a regimen expected to be continued for many years likely decreased patient (and physician) convenience and, thus, interest in the study.

Modulation of P-glycoprotein at the Human Blood-Brain Barrier by Quinidine or Rifampin Treatment: A Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Study.

Permeability-glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein, P-gp), an efflux transporter at the human blood-brain barrier (BBB), is a significant obstacle to central nervous system (CNS) delivery of P-gp substrate drugs. Using positron emission tomography imaging, we investigated P-gp modulation at the human BBB by an approved P-gp inhibitor, quinidine, or the P-gp inducer, rifampin. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and BBB P-gp activity were respectively measured by administration of (15)O-water followed by (11)C-verapamil.

Noninvasive imaging of experimental lung fibrosis.

Small animal models of lung fibrosis are essential for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying human fibrotic lung diseases; additionally, they are useful for preclinical testing of candidate antifibrotic agents. The current end-point measures of experimental lung fibrosis involve labor-intensive histological and biochemical analyses. These measures fail to account for dynamic changes in the disease process in individual animals and are limited by the need for large numbers of animals for longitudinal studies.