Evaluating competing models of distress tolerance via structural equation modeling.

Distress Tolerance (DT) is a transdiagnostic risk and maintenance factor implicated in a wide range of internalizing spectrum (INT) disorders. DT is commonly conceptualized as a higher-order construct, yet its lower-order dimensions are still debated. While the tolerance of negative emotions, frustration, and physical discomfort are widely considered to be central features of DT, the inclusions of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and anxiety sensitivity (AS) are disputed.

The development and initial validation of the Countertransference Management Scale.

Countertransference is an important aspect of the therapeutic relationship that exists in therapies of all theoretical orientations, and depending on how it is managed, it can either help or hinder treatment. Management of countertransference has been measured almost exclusively with the Countertransference Factors Inventory (Van Wagoner, Gelso, Hayes, & Diemer, 1991) and its variations, all of which focus on 5 therapist qualities theorized to facilitate management: self-insight, conceptualizing ability, empathy, self-integration, and anxiety management. Existing versions of the Countertransference Factors Inventory, however, possess certain psychometric limitations that appear to constrain how well they assess actual management of countertransference during a therapy session.