Tumour spectrum in -related Proteus syndrome: a systematic review of clinical reports and series.

-related Proteus syndrome is an ultra-rare mosaic overgrowth disorder with tumour predisposition. We conducted a systematic review to determine the range and characteristics of these tumours. A systematic review was conducted to identify clinical reports and clinical series of Proteus syndrome published between 1983 and 2023.

Chemical Science Research, Elementary School Children and Their Teachers Are More Closely Related than You May Imagine: The "I Bet You Did Not Know" Project.

Topics associated with the chemical sciences form a significant part of the curriculum in science at the primary school level in the U.K. In this methodology paper, we demonstrate how a wide range of research articles associated with the chemical sciences can be disseminated to an elementary school audience and how children can carry out investigations associated with cutting-edge research in the classroom.

Bridging the Research Gap between Live Collections in Zoos and Preserved Collections in Natural History Museums.

Zoos and natural history museums are both collections-based institutions with important missions in biodiversity research and education. Animals in zoos are a repository and living record of the world's biodiversity, whereas natural history museums are a permanent historical record of snapshots of biodiversity in time. Surprisingly, despite significant overlap in institutional missions, formal partnerships between these institution types are infrequent.

Rampant tooth loss across 200 million years of frog evolution.

Teeth are present in most clades of vertebrates but have been lost completely several times in actinopterygian fishes and amniotes. Using phenotypic data collected from over 500 genera via micro-computed tomography, we provide the first rigorous assessment of the evolutionary history of dentition across all major lineages of amphibians. We demonstrate that dentition is invariably present in caecilians and salamanders, but teeth have been lost completely more than 20 times in frogs, a much higher occurrence of edentulism than in any other vertebrate group.

Chemical effects of diceCT staining protocols on fluid-preserved avian specimens.

Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) techniques allow visualization of soft tissues of fluid-preserved specimens in three dimensions without dissection or histology. Two popular diceCT stains, iodine-potassium iodide (I2KI) dissolved in water and elemental iodine (I2) dissolved in 100% ethanol (EtOH), yield striking results. Despite the widespread use of these stains in clinical and biological fields, the molecular mechanisms that result in color change and radiopacity attributed to iodine staining are poorly understood.

Review of SMARCA4 (BRG1)-deficient carcinomas following a malignant pleural effusion specimen confounded by reduced claudin-4 expression.

SMARCA4-deficient neoplasms are recently characterized high-grade malignancies associated with a poor prognosis. The SMARCA4 gene encodes BRG1, which is part of the SWI/SNF complex. SMARCA4-deficient neoplasms have an undifferentiated, often rhabdoid morphology, and demonstrate loss of BRG1 nuclear expression on immunohistochemistry.

Endocast structures are reliable proxies for the sizes of corresponding regions of the brain in extant birds.

Endocasts are increasingly relied upon to examine avian brain evolution because they can be used across extant and extinct species. The endocasts of birds appear to be relatively faithful representatives of the external morphology of their brains, but it is unclear how well the size of a surface feature visible on endocasts reflects the volume of the underlying brain region. The optic lobe and the Wulst are two endocast structures that are clearly visible on the external surface of avian endocasts.

Tempo and Pattern of Avian Brain Size Evolution.

Relative brain sizes in birds can rival those of primates, but large-scale patterns and drivers of avian brain evolution remain elusive. Here, we explore the evolution of the fundamental brain-body scaling relationship across the origin and evolution of birds. Using a comprehensive dataset sampling> 2,000 modern birds, fossil birds, and theropod dinosaurs, we infer patterns of brain-body co-variation in deep time.

A Brief Report Describing Cancer Outreach Events in the Rural Midwest.

This brief report describes the findings of seven cancer prevention outreach efforts to rural locations in South Dakota and Minnesota with a specific focus on reaching agriculture workers and their families. The outreach events varied in size from a couple of hundred attendees to over 100,000 attendees. The purpose of these events also varied greatly from county fairs to health fairs.

Autopsy Standardized Mortality Review: A Pilot Study Offering a Methodology for Improved Patient Outcomes.

A standardized mortality review of hospital autopsies identified discrepancies between clinical diagnoses and autopsy findings, unexpected deaths, adequacy of diagnostic workup, presence of adverse event, and type of a quality issue if present. The standardized review elements were chosen based on a review of quality metrics commonly used by hospitals. The review was completed by the pathologist based on their initial autopsy findings.

Benefits of a concentrated teaching rotation: Perspectives of pharmacy residents and faculty.

The postgraduate pharmacy residency experience requires residents to develop the proper skillset to not only provide optimal therapeutic management to patients, but to effectively deliver their knowledge to trainees and other health care providers. Without specific recommendations for how to achieve these skills, residents may hone their communication, organizational, and teaching skills through a number of different venues currently offered by residency programs nationwide. Residency programs commonly offer a longitudinal experience in order for residents to obtain didactic teaching skills; less often do programs offer a concentrated rotation dedicated to academia.

Caring for Trauma Patients With Coexisting Heart Failure.

The coexisting conditions of traumatic injury coupled with a comorbid condition such as heart failure create a complex scenario for the trauma nurse to manage. Initial care of the trauma patient includes following the Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines and managing the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC) of the patient. Once the airway is secure and breathing is managed, the team addresses circulation.

Implementing a Method for Evaluating Patient-Reported Outcomes Associated With Oral Oncolytic Therapy.

Introduction: The paradigm shift in health care toward value-based reimbursement has brought emphasis to providing better quality of care to patients with chronic diseases, including patients with cancer. In accordance with providing better quality of care to patients, there has been a growing interest in evaluating quality of life through patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS-r) is a tool that can be used to assess PROs and has been validated for use in patients with cancer.

Effect of metronidazole use on tacrolimus concentrations in transplant patients treated for Clostridium difficile.

Background: Two case reports suggest that metronidazole treatment for Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) increases tacrolimus (TAC) trough levels. The primary objective of this study was to determine the clinical significance of this potential interaction in transplant patients receiving CDI treatment. Currently, no robust literature exists to estimate a magnitude of pharmacokinetic interaction between metronidazole and TAC.

Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT): an emerging tool for rapid, high-resolution, 3-D imaging of metazoan soft tissues.

Morphologists have historically had to rely on destructive procedures to visualize the three-dimensional (3-D) anatomy of animals. More recently, however, non-destructive techniques have come to the forefront. These include X-ray computed tomography (CT), which has been used most commonly to examine the mineralized, hard-tissue anatomy of living and fossil metazoans.

Osteoporosis in the adult solid organ transplant population: underlying mechanisms and available treatment options.

The prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is an increasingly important topic in the solid organ transplant (SOT) population. Compared to the general population, these patients are at an elevated risk of developing osteoporosis due to progressive disease, lifelong immunosuppressant therapy, and malnutrition. As patients live longer after transplant, chronic disease management is increasingly more important.

Scanning for safety: an integrated approach to improved bar-code medication administration.

This is a review of lessons learned in the postimplementation evaluation of a bar-code medication administration technology implemented at a major tertiary-care hospital in 2001. In 2006, with a bar-code medication administration scan compliance rate of 82%, a near-miss sentinel event prompted review of this technology as part of an institutional recommitment to a "culture of safety." Multifaceted problems with bar-code medication administration created an environment of circumventing safeguards as demonstrated by an increase in manual overrides to ensure timely medication administration.

Scanning for safety: an integrated approach to improved bar-code medication administration.

This is a review of lessons learned in the postimplementation evaluation of a bar-code medication administration technology implemented at a major tertiary-care hospital in 2001. In 2006, with a bar-code medication administration scan compliance rate of 82%, a near-miss sentinel event prompted review of this technology as part of an institutional recommitment to a "culture of safety." Multifaceted problems with bar-code medication administration created an environment of circumventing safeguards as demonstrated by an increase in manual overrides to ensure timely medication administration.

Sequence similarities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, phosphoglycerate kinases, and pyruvate kinases are species optimal temperature-dependent.

Data are presented that suggest enzyme sequence similarities among species are not solely a function of their evolutionary relationship. It is demonstrated that sequence similarities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, phosphoglycerate kinases, and pyruvate kinases from yeast, bacteria, mammals and a bird possess a significant species optimal thriving temperature dependence that crosses through conventional phylogenetic divisions. It is therefore suggested that species which are distantly related evolutionarily may possess some degree of enzyme sequence similarity if they happen to thrive at near the same optimal temperature; conversely, organisms which are closely related evolutionarily but function at radically different temperatures will possess a sequence dissimilarity that may mask the close relatedness.

Situational and psychophysiological factors in psychologically induced pain.

To investigate pain that occurs in the absence of painful stimulation, normal subjects were connected to a sham stimulator and were told that a headache could occur as a result of the electrical current they would receive. Half of the subjects who received this suggestion reported pain. The frequency and intensity of pain reports in a group which was given prior pain experience as a reference point in reporting pain and in a group which was exposed to a manipulation designed to reduce intentional deception were not significantly different from the pain reports of a group not exposed to these manipulations.