Optimized high-yield synthesis of chitin nanocrystals from shrimp shell chitin by steam explosion.

This study attempted for the first time to prepare chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) from shrimp shell chitin using steam explosion (SE) method. Response surface methodology (RSM) approach was used to optimize the SE conditions. Optimum SE conditions to acquire a maximum yield of 76.

The Extracellular Vesicles Proteome of Endometrial Cells Simulating the Receptive Menstrual Phase Differs from That of Endometrial Cells Simulating the Non-Receptive Menstrual Phase.

Successful embryo implantation into a receptive endometrium requires mutual endometrial-embryo communication. Recently, the function of extracellular vehicles (EVs) in cell-to-cell interaction in embryo-maternal interactions has been investigated. We explored isolated endometrial-derived EVs, using RL95-2 cells as a model of a receptive endometrium, influenced by the menstrual cycle hormones estrogen (E2; proliferative phase), progesterone (P4; secretory phase), and estrogen plus progesterone (E2P4; the receptive phase).

Best practices in the real-world data life cycle.

With increasing digitization of healthcare, real-world data (RWD) are available in greater quantity and scope than ever before. Since the 2016 United States 21st Century Cures Act, innovations in the RWD life cycle have taken tremendous strides forward, largely driven by demand for regulatory-grade real-world evidence from the biopharmaceutical sector. However, use cases for RWD continue to grow in number, moving beyond drug development, to population health and direct clinical applications pertinent to payors, providers, and health systems.

Blood type O heart transplant candidates have longer waitlist time and higher delisting under the new allocation system.

Objective: Prior studies have examined the effect of blood type on heart transplantation (HTx) waitlist outcomes in cohorts through 2015. We aim to analyze the effect of blood type on contemporary waitlist outcomes with a new allocation system focus.

Methods: Adults listed for HTx between April 2015 and December 2020 were included.

Dataset of hybrid berry transcriptome profiling and characterization of species ( and ) using Illumina and Nanopore sequencing.

and are the most popular and economically essential spice crops globally valued for their aromatic alkaloids, especially Piperine. However, Piperine synthesis pathway mechanisms are not yet well known. This work was aimed to generate the full-length comparative berry transcriptome analysis dataset of and by Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platforms.

The role of extracellular vesicles in endometrial receptivity and their potential in reproductive therapeutics and diagnosis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, nanometre sized, membrane-enclosed structures released by cells and are thought to be crucial in cellular communication. The cargo of these vesicles includes lipids, proteins, RNAs and DNA, and control various biological processes in their target tissues depending on the parental and receiver cell's origin and phenotype. Recently data has accumulated in the role of EVs in embryo implantation and pregnancy, with EVs identified in the uterine cavity of women, sheep, cows, horses, and mice, in which they aid blastocyst and endometrial preparation for implantation.

Mechanical Circulatory Support Options in Patients With Aortic Valve Pathology.

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is used in cardiogenic shock for periprocedural hemodynamic stability in high-risk patients and to support patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. Depending on the MCS type, oxygenation and ventilation, in addition to increasing blood pressure by augmenting blood flow, can be achieved. MCS typically follows a failure of less invasive maneuvers or intolerance to them, such as significant ventricular arrhythmia burden from inotropic support.

Sympatric occurrence of sibling Phytophthora species associated with foot rot disease of black pepper in India.

Foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is a serious threat to black pepper cultivation in India and globally. High diversity exists among the Phytophthora isolates of black pepper and hence detailed investigations of their morphology and phylogenetic taxonomy were carried out in the present study. In order to resolve the diversity, 182 isolates of Phytophthora, collected from different black pepper-growing tracts of South India during 1998-2013 and maintained in the National Repository of Phytophthora at ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, were subjected to morphological, molecular and phylogenetic characterization.

gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a Kuwait tidal flat.

A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium designated strain SIJ1 was obtained from tidal flat sediment collected from the northern shore of Kuwait Bay, northwest of the Arabian Gulf. Strain SIJ1 grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7-8 in the presence of 6 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on -diaminopimelic acid and an unsaturated menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone.

sp. nov., isolated from benthic sediments near coral reefs south of Kuwait.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod and rod-curved shaped motile bacterium designated strain S25 was obtained from benthic sediment collected near the Kubbar Island coral reefs south of Kuwait. Phenotypic analysis revealed that strain S25 was slightly halophilic, mesophilic and facultative anaerobic, fermenting d-glucose, d-ribose, d-mannose, d-mannitol, maltose, fructose, gentiobiose, cellobiose, melibiose, trehalose and sucrose. It was positive for oxidase and indole production and negative for arginine dihydrolase and lysine and ornithine decarboxylases.

Elucidation of antibacterial effect of calcium chloride against Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum race 4 biovar 3 infecting ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.).

Bacterial wilt incited by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (Rps) race 4 biovar 3 is a serious threat to ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) cultivation throughout the ginger growing tracts and warrants effective remedial measures since most of the strategies failed at field level implementation. After a series of experiments, calcium chloride was found to be effective against Rps both in vitro and in planta and its prophylactic effect has been successfully demonstrated under field conditions.

High efficiency phytoextraction of uranium using L. Nash.

Uranium uptake, translocation and its effects on leaf anatomy in vetiver grass ( L. Nash) grown in hydroponics were investigated at a wide range of concentrations. At concentrations below 200 ppm (1, 5, 25, 100, and 200 ppm) almost 90-95% of uranium was depleted from the medium within 3 days of treatment, while at other concentrations viz.

A Thrombus in Transit Complicating Acute Pulmonary Embolism.

A 51-year-old man presented with acute pulmonary embolism. He was found to have a large intracardiac thrombus in transit across a patent foramen ovale. He underwent anticoagulation and urgent surgical thrombectomy with good outcome.

Actionable Real-World Evidence to Improve Health Outcomes and Reduce Medical Spending Among Risk-Stratified Patients with Diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition with a high economic burden as well as drug treatments that have not all demonstrated effects on longevity. Managed care organizations want to improve health outcomes in these complex patients but lack actionable evidence to make informed decisions on which therapies are most effective among their members and may also control total health care spending.

Objective: To produce actionable evidence by identifying antidiabetic treatments that are effective and may reduce total cost of care in various risk groups of patients with T2DM, using insurance claims data that includes medical claims and pharmacy dispensing data among members of Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey with T2DM.

Fournier's gangrene in patients with type 2 diabetes using second-line antidiabetic medications.

Cases of a rare but serious infection called Fournier's gangrene have been reported with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i). To evaluate the safety signal in a population of patients with type 2 diabetes, we used administrative claims data from Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey from 2014 through 2017 to estimate incidence rates of Fournier's gangrene or necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum among patients treated with a second-line antidiabetic drug. We found very low incidence rates of Fournier's gangrene or necrotizing fasciitis.

Torsades de Pointes in Intravenous Drug Abuse-Associated Infective Endocarditis.

Intravenous drug abuse rates in the United States have increased exponentially in recent years. Ohio is one of 5 states with the highest age-adjusted drug overdose death rates, with drug overdose causing 39.1 of every 100,000 deaths.

Continuous spinal anaesthesia: A retrospective analysis of 318 cases.

Background And Aims: Continuous spinal anaesthesia (CSA) is an underutilised anaesthetic technique. Our objectives were to evaluate the use of CSA in our institution, its efficacy, ease to use and safety.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis conducted in a tertiary centre.

Single-port Laparoscopic Appendectomy: Beyond the Learning Curve: A Retrospective Comparison With Multi-port Laparoscopic Appendectomy.

Objectives: Previous comparisons between single-port laparoscopic appendectomy (SPLA) and multi-port laparoscopic appendectomy have been conflicting and limited. We compare our single-surgeon, SPLA experience with multi-port cases performed during the same time.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 128 single-surgeon single-port and 941 multi-port laparoscopic appendectomy cases from April 2009 to December 2014 was conducted.

Significance of pregnancy test false negative results due to elevated levels of β-core fragment hCG.

Very high levels of β-core fragment human chorionic gonadotrophin (βcf-hCG) are reported to potentially cause false negative results in point-of-care (POC)/over-the-counter (OTC) pregnancy tests. To investigate this further, women's daily early morning urine samples, collected prior to conception and during pregnancy, were analysed for intact, free β-, and βcf-hCG. The proportion of βcf-hCG was found to be related to that of hCG produced and in circulation.

Cancer Care Collaborative Approach to Optimize Clinical Care.

A collaboration between clinicians and industrial engineers resulted in significant improvements in cancer screening, the development of toolkits, and more efficient care for hepatocellular carcinoma and breast, colorectal, lung, head and neck, and prostate cancers.

Draft Genome Sequence of Highly Virulent Race 4/Biovar 3 of Ralstonia solanacearum CaRs_Mep Causing Bacterial Wilt in Zingiberaceae Plants in India.

The genome of Ralstonia solanacearum CaRs_Mep, a race 4/biovar 3/phylotype I bacterium causing wilt in small cardamom and other Zingiberaceae plants, was sequenced. Analysis of the 5.7-Mb genome sequence will aid in better understanding of the genetic determinants of host range, host jump, survival, pathogenicity, and virulence of race 4 of R.

Expression of an endochitinase gene from Trichoderma virens confers enhanced tolerance to Alternaria blight in transgenic Brassica juncea (L.) czern and coss lines.

An endochitinase gene 'ech42' from the biocontrol fungus 'Trichoderma virens' was introduced to Brassica juncea (L). Czern and Coss via Agrobaterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation method. Integration and expression of the 'ech42' gene in transgenic lines were confirmed by PCR, RT-PCR and Southern hybridization.