Wintering Bald Eagle Count Trends in the Conterminous United States, 1986-2010.

We analyzed counts from the annual Midwinter Bald Eagle Survey to examine state, regional, and national trends in counts of wintering Bald Eagles () within the conterminous 48 United States from 1986 to 2010. Using hierarchical mixed model methods, we report trends in counts from 11,729 surveys along 844 routes in 44 states. Nationwide Bald Eagle counts increased 0.

Salivary fluoride levels following application of fluoride varnish or fluoride rinse.

Objectives: This study examined the concentration of fluoride in whole saliva over time following the application of a fluoride varnish or a single rinse with a fluoride solution.

Methods: A two-period, two-treatment randomized cross-over experimental trial with a 2-week washout period was used with 16 adult subjects. In the first period, eight subjects rinsed once with a 0.

Retention strength of tin plated gold inlays bonded with two resin cements.

Research has shown bonding of restorations to tooth structure to enhance retention of the restoration to increase the fracture resistance of the tooth, and to reduce microleakage. Resin cements have superior physical properties to traditional cements such as zinc phosphate. The purpose of this study was to compare the retention of gold inlays luted with two resin cements to that of those luted with zinc phosphate cement.

Rationale and treatment approach in minimally invasive dentistry.

Background: Current methods of detecting caries, especially fissure caries, are inaccurate, causing some caries to go undetected until it has reached more advanced stages. Minimally invasive dentistry is a philosophy in which the goal of intervention to conserve healthy tooth structure. The authors review the rationale and role of air abrasion in successful practice in the 21st century that includes the philosophy of minimal intervention.

Air abrasion: an old technology reborn.

Recently, air abrasion has experienced a rebirth in restorative dentistry. Originally developed in the late 1940s, the principle of air abrasion is the imparting of kinetic energy to tiny aluminum oxide particles that are projected by a stream of compressed air or gas and expelled from a small nozzle. The force generated by the relatively hard particles striking a relatively hard surface is sufficient to cut into that surface.

Bonded amalgam sealants: two-year clinical results.

The authors used bonded amalgams as pit and fissure sealants without mechanical preparation. They compared the two-year retention of the bonded amalgams with that of resin-based pit and fissure sealants. Clinical examinations at six months, one year and two years revealed no difference between the retention of the two sealants.

Root reinforcement with a resin-bonded preformed post.

Purpose: This study evaluated the ability of resin-bonded posts to reinforce teeth that are structurally weak in the cervical area against fracture.

Material And Methods: Forty canine roots were endodontically treated and randomly distributed into four groups of 10. Parallel-sided preformed posts were cemented into the roots of these teeth after their crowns were removed.

Stress-induced cervical lesions: review of advances in the past 10 years.

The accumulation of experimental and clinical evidence during the past decade has significantly contributed to the understanding of the role of occlusally generated tensile stress in the etiology of certain noncarious cervical lesions of teeth. More important, this knowledge has led to the understanding of the reasons why traditional restorative treatments of these stress-induced cervical lesions fail. The case of failure can be attributed to the occlusally generated stresses that are concentrated at the cervical region and result in debonding, leakage, retention failure, and, ultimately, restorative failure.

Retention of posts cemented with various dentinal bonding cements.

This investigation evaluated the retention of preformed posts with four different cements: C & B Metabond, Panavia, All-Bond 2, and Ketac-Cem. Sixty intact maxillary canines were selected for the study. The clinical crowns were removed and endodontic therapy done on each root, which was then prepared to receive prefabricated posts.

Mechanical retention versus bonding of amalgam and gallium alloy restorations.

The retention of amalgam and gallium alloy restorations in proximal box forms was measured in vitro, and three different adhesives to conventional undercuts were compared. For control, restorations were placed without undercuts or adhesives. No significant difference was found between amalgam and gallium alloys with each of the five methods of retention used.

Effect of bonded amalgam on the fracture resistance of teeth.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether amalgam bonded to tooth structure with an adhesive resin cement can increase the fracture resistance of restored teeth. Extracted paired upper premolars were prepared for G.V.

Effect of bonded gold inlays on fracture resistance of teeth.

The purpose of this study was to determine if bonding gold inlays to tooth structure with an adhesive resin cement would increase the fracture resistance of restored teeth. Extracted paired maxillary premolars were prepared for mesio-occlusodistal inlays, and the inlays were cast in type II gold. In one tooth of each pair, the inlay was sandblasted with aluminium oxide, tin plated, and cemented with an adhesive resin into the etched preparation.

Comparison of a subgingivally placed cannula oral irrigator tip with a supragingivally placed standard irrigator tip.

This study compared the depth of irrigation of periodontal pockets achieved by a cannula subgingival irrigator tip and a standard oral irrigator tip. They were tested on periodontally involved teeth recommended for extraction from 17 patients. Before extraction, reference grooves were made circumferentially in each study tooth at the level of the gingival margin.

A clinical technique for bonding gold castings to teeth.

A clinical technique is presented that allows practitioners to use adhesive bonding techniques to improve the retention and seal of gold castings. At the time of delivery of a gold casting, the preparation is treated with a self-curing enamel and dentinal bonding agent. The internal surface of the casting is sandblasted and electroplated with tin to produce a surface suitable for bonding with a resin cement, which is virtually insoluble and is adhesive to both the metal surface and the treated tooth.

Microleakage in MOD resin composite with three dentin bonding agents.

The extent of microleakage under MOD composites was studied when an aluminum oxalate dentin bonding agent (Tenure), a phosphonated resin bonding agent (Bondlite), and a glass-ionomer cement (Ketac Silver) were used. Three groups of 10 extracted molars were prepared with MOD cavities; one box ended on enamel, the other on cementum. In Group 1, Bondlite was applied to dentin and etched enamel before the sample was restored with a light-cured hybrid composite.

Periodontal implications of orthodontic treatment in adults with reduced or normal periodontal tissues versus those of adolescents.

This longitudinal study monitored periodontal status in 20 adults and 20 adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Ten adults had generalized periodontitis and received periodontal treatment, including periodontal surgery, before orthodontic treatment. They also received periodontal maintenance at 3-month intervals during orthodontic treatment.

Reduced radiation-absorbed dose to tissues with partial panoramic radiography for evaluation of third molars.

The radiation-absorbed doses from panoramic radiography, distal molar radiography, and a partial panoramic radiographic technique that exposes only the third molar region to radiation are compared. Doses of radiation to the submandibular salivary gland were comparable by all three techniques, but doses of radiation to the head and neck were reduced greatly by the partial panoramic radiographic technique. Partial panoramic radiography is a diagnostically satisfactory and a radiologically safer technique for evaluation of third molar pathosis than is panoramic or distal molar radiography.

Fracture resistance of teeth restored with class II bonded composite resin.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether composite resin bonded to enamel or to both enamel and dentin can increase the fracture resistance of teeth with Class II cavity preparations. Extracted maxillary pre-molars with MOD slot preparations were restored with composite resin bonded to enamel (P-30 and Enamel Bond) or composite resin bonded to enamel and dentin (P-30 and Scotch-bond). Teeth in a control group were prepared but left unrestored.

Fractures of posterior teeth in adults.

Examined in this study were 191 patients with 206 complete or incomplete fractures of posterior teeth. The patients ranged in age from 14 to 76 years, with 66.5% younger than 40 years.