[Operative therapy of deglutition paralysis].

Disorder of deglutition is one of the severest signs in postoperative or posttraumatic paresis of the caudal cranial nerves. The main problem in these cases is aspiration. It is a serious disorder with potentially life-threatening pulmonary sequelae.

[Potentials of reconstructive plastic surgery in the area of the nose].

Reconstruction of defects in the nasal area is described. There are basic principles to be considered, especially the cause of the defect, which may be traumatical or due to a tumour. It makes a difference whether the defect is placed on the bridge of the nose or on the lobule, or if the columella or the alar areas are affected.

[Orbital involvement in frontobasal injuries].

In the mechanism of fracturing in the region of the frontobasis and of the midface there is the possibility of an orbital involvement. If the traumatic forces affect directly the frontal zone we may find a latero-orbitalfrontobasilar fracture--the socalled type IV according to the classification of frontobasilar fractures by Escher. If the middle face is more affected, the type III will result with tearing off the midface bones from the skull at the frontobasis.

[Incision- and suture-techniques in plastic surgery of the face (author's transl)].

In plastic and reconstructive surgery of the face it is very important to consider the RSTL (1, 3) for getting satisfactory scar postoperatively. Sometimes it is necessary to regard the so-called esthetic units of the face (2) especially in free grafting. Unsatisfactory scars will be improved by using the Z- and W-plasty techniques.