Maternal probiotic exposure enhances CD8 T cell protective neonatal immunity and modulates offspring metabolome to control influenza virus infection.

Maternal gut microbiota composition contributes to the status of the neonatal immune system and could influence the early life higher susceptibility to viral respiratory infections. Using a novel protocol of murine maternal probiotic supplementation, we report that perinatal exposure to () or () increases the influenza A/PR8 virus (IAV) clearance in neonates. Following either supplementation, type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) were amplified in the lymph nodes leading to an enhanced IAV antigen-experienced IFN-γ producing effector CD8 T cells in neonates and IAV-specific resident memory CD8 T cells in adulthood.

TLR4-dependent neuroinflammation mediates LPS-driven food-reward alterations during high-fat exposure.

Background: Obesity has become a global pandemic, marked by significant shifts in both the homeostatic and hedonic/reward aspects of food consumption. While the precise causes are still under investigation, recent studies have identified the role of gut microbes in dysregulating the reward system within the context of obesity. Unravelling these gut-brain connections is crucial for developing effective interventions against eating and metabolic disorders, particularly in the context of obesity.

Impact of prenatal THC exposure on lipid metabolism and microbiota composition in rat offspring.

Objective: Recent studies have demonstrated that prenatal exposure to the psychoactive ingredient of cannabis that is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) disrupts fatty acid (FA) signaling pathways in the developing brain, potentially linking to psychopathologic consequences. Our research aims to investigate whether changes in midbrain FA metabolism are linked to modifications in peripheral metabolism of FAs and shifts in microbiota composition.

Methods: In order to model prenatal exposure to THC (PTE) in rats, Sprague Dawley dams were systemically administered with THC (2 mg/kg, s.

High salt diet alleviates disease severity in native experimental autoimmune uveitis.

Background: Recent studies reported a link between high salt diet (HSD) and clinical exacerbation in mouse models of autoimmune diseases, mainly through the induction of pathogenic Th17 cells and/or HSD-induced dysbiosis. However, the topic remains controversial and not fully understood.

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effects of HSD on the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in C57BL/6J mice.

Role of the intestinal microbiota in contributing to weight disorders and associated comorbidities.

SUMMARYThe gut microbiota is a major factor contributing to the regulation of energy homeostasis and has been linked to both excessive body weight and accumulation of fat mass (i.e., overweight, obesity) or body weight loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, and fat depletion (i.

NAPE-PLD in the ventral tegmental area regulates reward events, feeding and energy homeostasis.

The -acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) catalyzes the production of -acylethanolamines (NAEs), a family of endogenous bioactive lipids, which are involved in various biological processes ranging from neuronal functions to energy homeostasis and feeding behaviors. Reward-dependent behaviors depend on dopamine (DA) transmission between the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which conveys reward-values and scales reinforced behaviors. However, whether and how NAPE-PLD may contribute to the regulation of feeding and reward-dependent behaviors has not yet been investigated.

Pediatric Autoimmune or Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Metronidazole Effectiveness on Biochemical Data, Bile Acid Profile, and Gut Microbiota: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: Autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) can both be present, resulting in autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC). PSC physiopathology could be based on the cross-talk between gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs); antibiotics are an innovative therapy. This pilot study assesses metronidazole (MTZ)'s effectiveness in ASC or PSC patients according to the stage of the disease, and its effects on biochemical parameters, BA profiles, and gut microbiota.

Obese-associated gut microbes and derived phenolic metabolite as mediators of excessive motivation for food reward.

Background: Excessive hedonic consumption is one of the main drivers for weight gain. Identifying contributors of this dysregulation would help to tackle obesity. The gut microbiome is altered during obesity and regulates host metabolism including food intake.

Inulin increases the beneficial effects of rhubarb supplementation on high-fat high-sugar diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice: impact on energy expenditure, brown adipose tissue activity, and microbiota.

Consumption of prebiotics and plant-based compounds have many beneficial health effects through modulation of gut microbiota composition and are considered as promising nutritional strategy for the treatment of metabolic diseases. In the present study, we assessed the separated and combined effects of inulin and rhubarb on diet-induced metabolic disease in mice. We showed that supplementation with both inulin and rhubarb abolished the total body and fat mass gain upon high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHS) as well as several obesity-associated metabolic disorders.

Fat and not sugar as the determining factor for gut microbiota changes, obesity, and related metabolic disorders in mice.

Diet-induced obesity contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Overall, obesity is associated with deviations in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota. There are many divergent findings regarding the link between the excessive intake of certain dietary components (i.

Food Reward Alterations during Obesity Are Associated with Inflammation in the Striatum in Mice: Beneficial Effects of .

The reward system involved in hedonic food intake presents neuronal and behavioral dysregulations during obesity. Moreover, gut microbiota dysbiosis during obesity promotes low-grade inflammation in peripheral organs and in the brain contributing to metabolic alterations. The mechanisms underlying reward dysregulations during obesity remain unclear.

Gut microbes and food reward: From the gut to the brain.

Inappropriate food intake behavior is one of the main drivers for fat mass development leading to obesity. Importantly the gut microbiota-mediated signals have emerged as key actors regulating food intake acting mainly on the hypothalamus, and thereby controlling hunger or satiety/satiation feelings. However, food intake is also controlled by the hedonic and reward systems leading to food intake based on pleasure (i.

Perspective: Leveraging the Gut Microbiota to Predict Personalized Responses to Dietary, Prebiotic, and Probiotic Interventions.

Humans often show variable responses to dietary, prebiotic, and probiotic interventions. Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota is a key determinant for this population heterogeneity. Here, we provide an overview of some of the major computational and experimental tools being applied to critical questions of microbiota-mediated personalized nutrition and health.

Akkermansia muciniphila: paradigm for next-generation beneficial microorganisms.

Ever since Akkermansia muciniphila was discovered and characterized two decades ago, numerous studies have shown that the lack or decreased abundance of this commensal bacterium was linked with multiple diseases (such as obesity, diabetes, liver steatosis, inflammation and response to cancer immunotherapies). Although primarily based on simple associations, there are nowadays an increasing number of studies moving from correlations to causality. The causal evidence derived from a variety of animal models performed in different laboratories and recently was also recapitulated in a human proof-of-concept trial.

Serum metabolite profiling yields insights into health promoting effect of A. muciniphila in human volunteers with a metabolic syndrome.

Reduction of relative abundance in the gut microbiota is a widely accepted signature associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders. Using untargeted metabolomics profiling of fasting plasma, our study aimed at identifying metabolic signatures associated with beneficial properties of alive and pasteurized when administrated to a cohort of insulin-resistant individuals with metabolic syndrome. Our data highlighted either shared or specific alterations in the metabolome according to the form of administered with respect to a control group.

Gut microbes participate in food preference alterations during obesity.

Hypothalamic regulations of food intake are altered during obesity. The dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic system, responsible for the hedonic response to food intake, is also affected. Gut microbes are other key players involved in obesity.

Endurance training alleviates MCP-1 and TERRA accumulation at old age in human skeletal muscle.

Both oxidative stress and telomere transcription are up-regulated by acute endurance exercise in human skeletal muscle. Whether and how life-long exercise training influences the antioxidant system response at transcriptional level and TERRA expression is unknown, especially during aging. Response to acute endurance exercise was investigated in muscle biopsies of 3 male subjects after 45 min of cycling.

is a newly isolated human commensal bacterium preventing diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in mice.

Objective: To investigate the abundance and the prevalence of J115, a novel butyrate-producing bacterium isolated from the human gut both in the general population and in subjects with metabolic syndrome. To study the impact of this bacterium on host metabolism using diet-induced obese and diabetic mice.

Design: We analysed the presence and abundance of the bacterium in 11 984 subjects using four human cohorts (ie, Human Microbiome Project, American Gut Project, Flemish Gut Flora Project and Microbes4U).

Beneficial Effects of Are Not Associated with Major Changes in the Circulating Endocannabinoidome but Linked to Higher Mono-Palmitoyl-Glycerol Levels as New PPARα Agonists.

is considered as one of the next-generation beneficial bacteria in the context of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Although a first proof-of-concept of its beneficial effects has been established in the context of metabolic syndrome in humans, mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aimed at deciphering whether the bacterium exerts its beneficial properties through the modulation of the endocannabinoidome (eCBome).

Linking the Endocannabinoidome with Specific Metabolic Parameters in an Overweight and Insulin-Resistant Population: From Multivariate Exploratory Analysis to Univariate Analysis and Construction of Predictive Models.

The global obesity epidemic continues to rise worldwide. In this context, unraveling new interconnections between biological systems involved in obesity etiology is highly relevant. Dysregulation of the endocannabinoidome (eCBome) is associated with metabolic complications in obesity.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux: The microbiota theory.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a prevalent disease associated with non-specific symptoms and findings. Many gray areas persist in the pathogenesis of LPR, the diagnosis and the treatment. Symptoms are poorly correlated with fiberoptic signs or hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring findings.

Inflammation-induced cholestasis in cancer cachexia.

Background: Cancer cachexia is a debilitating metabolic syndrome contributing to cancer death. Organs other than the muscle may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia. This work explores new mechanisms underlying hepatic alterations in cancer cachexia.