Mycobacterium lutetiense sp. nov., Mycobacterium montmartrense sp. nov. and Mycobacterium arcueilense sp. nov., members of a novel group of non-pigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria recovered from a water distribution system.

From our recent survey of non-pigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria in the Parisian water system, three groups of isolates (taxons 1-3) corresponding to possible novel species were selected for taxonomic study. The three taxa each formed creamy white, rough colonies, had an optimal growth temperature of 30 °C, hydrolyzed Tween 80, were catalase-positive at 22 °C and expressed arylsulfatase activity. All three were susceptible to amikacin, ciprofloxacin and tigecycline.

Uniting the classification of cultured and uncultured bacteria and archaea using 16S rRNA gene sequences.

Publicly available sequence databases of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, also known as 16S rRNA in bacteria and archaea, are growing rapidly, and the number of entries currently exceeds 4 million. However, a unified classification and nomenclature framework for all bacteria and archaea does not yet exist. In this Analysis article, we propose rational taxonomic boundaries for high taxa of bacteria and archaea on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence identities and suggest a rationale for the circumscription of uncultured taxa that is compatible with the taxonomy of cultured bacteria and archaea.

Sequencing orphan species initiative (SOS): Filling the gaps in the 16S rRNA gene sequence database for all species with validly published names.

High quality 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences from the type strains of all species with validly published names, as defined by the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, are a prerequisite for their accurate affiliations within the global genealogical classification and for the recognition of potential new taxa. During the last few years, the Living Tree Project (LTP) has taken care to create a high quality, aligned 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequence database of all type strains. However, the manual curation of the sequence dataset and type strain information revealed that a total of 552 "orphan" species (about 5.

Geobacillus subterraneus subsp. aromaticivorans subsp. nov., a novel thermophilic and alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring in Sırnak, Turkey.

A new thermophilic spore-forming strain Ge1(T) was isolated from the Guclukonak hot spring in Sırnak, Turkey. The strain was identified by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain Ge1(T) was Gram-positive, spore-forming, alkaliphilic rod-shaped, motile, occurring in pairs or filamentous.

Proposal that Mycobacterium massiliense and Mycobacterium bolletii be united and reclassified as Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii comb. nov., designation of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus subsp. nov. and emended description of Mycobacterium abscessus.

The names 'Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus' and 'Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense', proposed by Leao et al.

Update of the All-Species Living Tree Project based on 16S and 23S rRNA sequence analyses.

The "All-Species Living Tree Project" (LTP) provides the scientific community with a useful taxonomic tool consisting of a curated database of type strain sequences, a universal and optimized alignment and a single phylogenetic tree harboring all the type strains of the hitherto classified species. On the website http://www.arb-silva.

Proposal of Heliobacteriaceae fam. nov.

The family name Heliobacteriaceae is not validly published. The purpose of this note is to provide a description of this family in accordance with the Rules of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision).

Proposal of Frondihabitans gen. nov. to replace the illegitimate genus name Frondicola Zhang et al. 2007.

The prokaryotic generic name Frondicola Zhang et al. 2007 is illegitimate because it is a later homonym of a fungal genus name Frondicola Hyde, 1992 (Fungi, Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Xylariomycetidae, Xylariales, Hyponectriaceae) [Principle 2 and Rule 51b(4) of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision)]. It is also questionable whether the genus name can be validly published.

Proposed revision of Rule 33c to perpetuate the citation of revived names.

All names published prior to 1980 that were not included in the Approved Lists are available for reuse without reference to their past application. However, the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria endorses the revival of disused names in the sense in which they were previously used and provides Rules (28a, 33c and 33d) as guidance. Nevertheless, the Code is obscure as to how citations are to be reported for this use to be perpetuated in subsequent nomenclatural revisions.

The All-Species Living Tree project: a 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic tree of all sequenced type strains.

The signing authors together with the journal Systematic and Applied Microbiology (SAM) have started an ambitious project that has been conceived to provide a useful tool especially for the scientific microbial taxonomist community. The aim of what we have called "The All-Species Living Tree" is to reconstruct a single 16S rRNA tree harboring all sequenced type strains of the hitherto classified species of Archaea and Bacteria. This tree is to be regularly updated by adding the species with validly published names that appear monthly in the Validation and Notification lists of the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.

Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM.

The Bacteriological Code deals with the nomenclature of prokaryotes. This may include existing names (the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names) as well as new names and new combinations. In this sense the Code is also dealing indirectly with taxonomic opinions.

Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 58, part 4, of the IJSEM.

This listing of names published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol 41 (1991), p. 185].

List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published.

The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper, to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries (i.

Proposal of Goodfellowiella gen. nov. to replace the illegitimate genus name Goodfellowia Labeda and Kroppenstedt 2006.

The prokaryotic, generic name Goodfellowia Labeda and Kroppenstedt 2006 is illegitimate because it is a later homonym of the name Goodfellowia Hartert, 1903 (Animalia, Chordata, Aves, Passeriformes, Sturnidae) [Principle 2 of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision)]. A new genus name, Goodfellowiella, is therefore proposed for this taxon (Rule 54). This also requires that a new combination, Goodfellowiella coeruleoviolacea comb.

Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 57, part 12, of the IJSEM.

This listing of names published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol 41 (1991), p. 185].

List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published.

The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper, to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries (i.

Proposal of Yaniellaceae fam. nov., Yaniella gen. nov. and Sinobaca gen. nov. as replacements for the illegitimate prokaryotic names Yaniaceae Li et al. 2005, Yania Li et al. 2004, emend Li et al. 2005, and Sinococcus Li et al. 2006, respectively.

The prokaryotic generic names Yania Li et al. 2004 and Sinococcus Li et al. 2006 are illegitimate because they are later homonyms of the names Yania Roewer 1919 (Opiliones, Arachnida, Arthropoda, Animalia), Yania Huang 1997 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and Sinococcus Wu and Zheng 2000 (Homoptera: Coccomorpha) [Principle 2 of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision)].

Proposal to modify Rule 8 of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision).

The wording of Rule 8 of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision) contradicts Principle 4 and it is proposed that the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) modifies this rule.

Proposal to replace the illegitimate genus name Schineria Toth et al. 2001 with the genus name Ignatzschineria gen. nov. and to replace the illegitimate combination Schineria larvae Toth et al. 2001 with Ignatzschineria larvae comb. nov.

The prokaryotic, generic name Schineria Tóth et al. 2001 is illegitimate owing to the prior existence of the name Schineria for a genus within the Diptera [Principle 2, Rule 51b(4) of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision)]. Therefore, a new genus name, Ignatzschineria gen.

Valid publication of names of prokaryotes according to the rules of nomenclature: past history and current practice.

It is now 30 years since the concept of valid publication was introduced into prokaryote systematics in such a way that a system of registration/indexing was integrated. Despite the success of this system and the introduction of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, accompanied by a new starting date in prokaryote nomenclature, there is a need to review both the historical aspects and current practices so that the current generation of prokaryote systematists have an up-to-date overview of some of the key elements.

Proposal of Parvimonas gen. nov. and Quatrionicoccus gen. nov. as replacements for the illegitimate, prokaryotic, generic names Micromonas Murdoch and Shah 2000 and Quadricoccus Maszenan et al. 2002, respectively.

The prokaryotic, generic names Micromonas Murdoch and Shah 2000 and Quadricoccus Maszenan et al. 2002 are illegitimate* because they are later homonyms of the names Micromonas Manton and Parke 1960 (alga) and Quadricoccus Fott 1948 (alga). [Principle 2, Rule 51b(4) of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision)].

Lysobacter enzymogenes subsp. enzymogenes Christensen and Cook 1978, L. enzymogenes subsp. cookii Christensen 1978 and Streptococcus casseliflavus (Mundt and Graham 1968) Vaughan et al. 1978 should have been cited in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Request for an opinion.

Lysobacter enzymogenes subsp. enzymogenes Christensen and Cook 1978, L. enzymogenes subsp.

Redefining Paracoccus denitrificans and Paracoccus pantotrophus and the case for a reassessment of the strains held by international culture collections.

An outline of the current taxonomic diversity of the genus Paracoccus is presented. A definitive summary is given of the valid type strains of Paracoccus denitrificans and Paracoccus pantotrophus and of culture collection strains that can be assigned to these species. The case is established for a critical reassessment of the P.