Multimodal imaging in a case of presumed secondary vitreoretinal lymphoma presenting with inner retina and optic nerve head infiltration.

Purpose: To report the findings supported by multimodal imaging in a case of secondary vitreoretinal lymphoma presenting with inner retina and optic nerve head infiltration.

Observations: A 64-year-old man with systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presented with reduced visual acuity. Moderate anterior chamber and vitreous cell were present.

Disability-Adjusted Life Years Resulting from Ocular Injury among Deployed Service Members, 2001-2020.

Purpose: To quantify the burden of ocular injuries on deployed US service members by calculating disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

Design: Retrospective, observational cohort study.

Participants: US service members with ocular injuries sustained in combat zones from January 1, 2001 to May 19, 2020.

Dysfunctional sodium channel kinetics as a novel epilepsy mechanism in chromosome 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome.

Objective: Duplication of the maternal chromosome 15q11.2-q13.1 region causes Dup15q syndrome, a highly penetrant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe autism and refractory seizures.

The role of UBE3A in the autism and epilepsy-related Dup15q syndrome using patient-derived, CRISPR-corrected neurons.

Chromosome 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome (Dup15q) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by maternal duplications of this region. Autism and epilepsy are key features of Dup15q. UBE3A, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is likely a major driver of Dup15q because UBE3A is the only imprinted gene expressed solely from the maternal allele.

Loss of resilience contributes to detrusor underactivity in advanced age.

Volume hyposensitivity resulting from impaired sympathetic detrusor relaxation during bladder filling contributes to detrusor underactivity (DU) associated with aging. Detrusor tension regulation provides an adaptive sensory input of bladder volume to the brainstem and is challenged by physiological stressors superimposed upon biological aging. We recently showed that HCN channels have a stabilizing role in detrusor sympathetic relaxation.

Persistent diabetic macular edema: Definition, incidence, biomarkers, and treatment methods.

Intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment has drastically improved the visual and anatomical outcomes in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME); however, success is not always guaranteed, and a proportion of these eyes demonstrate persistent DME (pDME) despite intensive treatment. While standardized criteria to define these treatment-resistant eyes have not yet been established, many studies refer to eyes with no clinical response or an unsatisfactory partial response as having pDME. A patient is considered to have pDME if the retinal thickness improves less than 10-25% after 6 months of treatment.

2-AG and anandamide enhance hippocampal long-term potentiation suppression of inhibition.

It is widely accepted that exogenous cannabinoids can impair short-term memory and cognition in humans and other animals. This is likely related to the inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plasticity, by the global and sustained activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the presence of exogenous agonists. Conversely, the temporally and spatially restricted release of endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) ligands may enhance synaptic plasticity in a synapse-specific manner.

The hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel resides on myocytes in mouse bladders and contributes to adrenergic-induced detrusor relaxation.

Control of urinary continence is predicated on sensory signaling about bladder volume. Bladder sensory nerve activity is dependent on tension, implicating autonomic control over detrusor myocyte activity during bladder filling. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels are known contributors to bladder control, but their mechanism of action is not well understood.

Hyperexcitable Phenotypes in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons From Patients With 15q11-q13 Duplication Syndrome, a Genetic Form of Autism.

Background: Chromosome 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome (Dup15q) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by duplications of the maternal copy of this region. In addition to hypotonia, motor deficits, and language impairments, patients with Dup15q commonly meet the criteria for autism spectrum disorder and have a high prevalence of seizures. It is known from mouse models that synaptic impairments are a strong component of Dup15q pathophysiology; however, cellular phenotypes that relate to seizures are less clear.

MULTISCALE CORRELATION OF MICROVASCULAR CHANGES ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY WITH RETINAL SENSITIVITY IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY.

Purpose: To assess global, zonal, and local correlations between vessel density changes measured by optical coherence tomography angiography and retinal sensitivity measured by microperimetry across diabetic retinopathy severity.

Methods: Diabetic patients and nondiabetic controls underwent optical coherence tomography angiography imaging and microperimetry testing. Pearson's correlation was used to assess associations between average sensitivity and skeletonized vessel density (SVD) or foveal avascular zone area centrally.

Modeling the impact of COVID-19 on Retina Clinic Performance.

Background: COVID-19, a highly contagious respiratory virus, presents unique challenges to ophthalmology practice as a high-volume, office-based specialty. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many operational changes were adopted in our ophthalmology clinic to enhance patient and provider safety while maintaining necessary clinical operations. The aim of this study was to evaluate how measures adopted during the pandemic period affected retina clinic performance and patient satisfaction, and to model future clinic flow to predict operational performance under conditions of increasing patient and provider volumes.

SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN SMALL CHOROIDAL MELANOMAS AND CHOROIDAL NEVI.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography to detect distinct vascular features in small choroidal melanomas and choroidal nevi.

Methods: Patients with a choroidal nevus or a treatment-naïve choroidal melanoma were imaged with color fundus photography, ultrasound, and swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (12 × 12 mm). High-risk features including overlying fluid, orange pigment, shaggy photoreceptors, acoustic hollowness, depth >2 mm, and basal diameter >5 mm were assessed.

Can the Onset of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Be an Acceptable Endpoint for Prophylactic Clinical Trials?

Many studies over the past 20 years have pursued the goal of preventing or deferring progression from early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to advanced AMD. The onset of neovascular AMD has been used as a primary endpoint in some prophylactic clinical trials because it is easy to assess and relatively well-defined. Nevertheless, the use of this endpoint for assessing progression of AMD lacks validation.

The revised 2019 standards for psychopharmacological training: Model education and training program in psychopharmacology for prescriptive authority.

The American Psychological Association (APA), under the oversight of the Board of Educational Affairs, and the Board of Professional Affairs, is responsible for the education and training of psychologists in prescriptive authority. All APA standards and guidelines are required by Association Rule 30-8.3 to be revised at least every 10 years.

Choroidal nonperfusion on optical coherence tomography angiography in a case of unilateral posterior segment ocular sarcoidosis misdiagnosed as MEWDS.

Purpose: To report a case of presumed ocular sarcoidosis initially presenting with features of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) with atypical optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings.

Observations: A 23 year-old woman presented with a unilateral central scotoma, photophobia, and decreased visual acuity after a viral illness. Examination of the right eye revealed multiple round white macular spots and stippled granularity at the fovea.

Retinal Imaging Using a Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope-Based High-Magnification Module.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of a high-magnification module (HMM) lens to visualize retinal photoreceptors, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and superficial retinal vasculature in physiologic and pathologic retinal conditions.

Design: Observational descriptive study.

Participants: Thirty-two participants with normal and pathologic retina examination results.

Abundance and localization of human UBE3A protein isoforms.

Loss of UBE3A expression, a gene regulated by genomic imprinting, causes Angelman syndrome (AS), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder. The UBE3A gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase with three known protein isoforms in humans. Studies in mouse suggest that the human isoforms may have differences in localization and neuronal function.

IPSC Models of Chromosome 15Q Imprinting Disorders: From Disease Modeling to Therapeutic Strategies.

The chromosome 15q11-q13 region of the human genome is regulated by genomic imprinting, an epigenetic phenomenon in which genes are expressed exclusively from one parental allele. Several genes within the 15q11-q13 region are expressed exclusively from the paternally inherited chromosome 15. At least one gene UBE3A, shows exclusive expression of the maternal allele, but this allele-specific expression is restricted to neurons.

Macular and Peripapillary Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics Predict Progression in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Sub-analysis of TIME-2b Study Data.

Purpose: To identify optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-derived vessel metrics of the macula and optic nerve head (ONH) that predict diabetic retinopathy (DR) disease progression.

Design: Secondary analysis of clinical trial data.

Methods: This was a sub-analysis of prospectively collected data from 73 subjects that participated in the TIME-2b study (Aerpio Pharmaceuticals), a multicenter clinical trial for patients with moderate-to-severe DR treated with AKB-9778 and followed over a 12-month period.

Molecular Correlates of Topiramate and GRIK1 rs2832407 Genotype in Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cultures.

Background: There is growing evidence that the anticonvulsant topiramate is efficacious in reducing alcohol consumption. Further, an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2832407, C A) in the GRIK1 gene, which encodes the GluK1 subunit of the excitatory kainate receptor, predicted topiramate's effectiveness in reducing heavy drinking in a clinical trial. The molecular correlates of GRIK1 genotype that may relate to topiramate's ability to reduce drinking remain unknown.

Test-retest variability of microperimetry in geographic atrophy.

Purpose: Microperimetry (MP) allows for measurement of retinal sensitivity at precise locations and is now commonly employed as a clinical trial endpoint. Test-retest reliability is important when evaluating treatment effects in patients with geographic atrophy (GA). This study aimed to determine the test-retest variability of MP in patients with moderate to severe GA using the MAIA MP device.

Repeatability and reproducibility of vessel density measurements on optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: Understanding the precision of measurements on and across optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) devices is critical for tracking meaningful change in disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of vessel area density and vessel skeleton density measurements from various commercial OCTA devices in diabetic eyes.

Methods: Patients were imaged three consecutive times each on three different OCTA devices.

Topographic analysis of macular choriocapillaris flow deficits in diabetic retinopathy using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity and macular choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficit percentage (FD %) in different macular regions using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).

Methods: Diabetic patients with SS-OCTA images were graded by severity and retrospectively assessed. CC FD % was calculated in four different regions of the OCTA image: inner, middle, outer, and full-field region.