"In the Village That She Comes from, Most of the People Don't Know Anything about Cervical Cancer": A Health Systems Appraisal of Cervical Cancer Prevention Services in Tanzania.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally. It is the most common cancer in Tanzania, resulting in about 9772 new cases and 6695 deaths each year. Research has shown an association between low levels of risk perception and knowledge of the prevention, risks, signs, etiology, and treatment of cervical cancer and low screening uptake, as contributing to high rates of cervical cancer-related mortality.

Association between prenatal air pollutant exposure and autism spectrum disorders in young children: A matched case-control study in Canada.

The direction and magnitude of association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants across gestational windows and offspring risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the time-varying effects of prenatal air pollutant exposure on ASD. We conducted a matched case-control study of singleton term children born in Ontario, Canada from 1-Apr-2012 to 31-Dec-2016.

An Implementation Evaluation of the Smartphone-Enhanced Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (SEVIA) Program for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Urban and Rural Tanzania.

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for cervical cancer screening (CCS) in lower-resource settings; however, quality varies widely, and it is difficult to maintain a well-trained cadre of providers. The Smartphone-Enhanced Visual Inspection with Acetic acid (SEVIA) program was designed to offer secure sharing of cervical images and real-time supportive supervision to health care workers, in order to improve the quality and accuracy of visual assessment of the cervix for treatment. The purpose of this evaluation was to document early learnings from patients, providers, and higher-level program stakeholders, on barriers and enablers to program implementation.

Rehabilitation and return to sport criteria following surgical treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum: a systematic review.

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum is a well-described condition that most commonly affects adolescent throwing athletes and gymnasts. There is no gold standard rehabilitation protocol or timing for return to sport (RTS) after surgical management of OCD of the capitellum.

Hypothesis/purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify in the existing literature any criteria used for RTS following surgical treatment of OCD of the capitellum.

The hidden impact of orthopedic surgeries: Examining the psychological consequences.

Orthopedic surgery is commonly considered "quality of life care," as most orthopedic procedures have been shown to provide excellent pain relief and successful surgical outcomes for patients. Although orthopedic surgeries continue to improve patients' functional outcomes through modern surgical techniques and preoperative psychological screening, variation in patient function persists in current studies. Sub-optimal function in patients has been shown to be associated with emotional health burdens, such as anxiety and depression.

Subjective and objective observation of Tilapia skin as auto skin graft dressing in cats.

Background: The recovery of auto skin graft is a dynamic and complex process that requires a suitable environment for vascularization as nutrition delivery to cells and donor skin reception.

Aims: This research aimed to determine the effect of Tilapia skin dressing on the recovery of auto skin graft treatment on domestic cats through subjective and objective observation.

Methods: Six male Indonesian local cats aged 1-2 years old weighing 3-4 kg were separated into two groups.

Medical treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis.

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic antigen-mediated eosinophilic inflammatory disease isolated to the esophagus. As a clinicopathologic disorder, a diagnosis of EoE requires a constellation of clinical symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and histologic findings (at least 15 eosinophils/high-powered microscope field (eos/hpf)). Current guidelines no longer require the failure of response to proton pump inhibitor medications to establish a diagnosis of EoE, but continue to suggest the exclusion of other etiologies of esophageal eosinophilia.

Comparative pathology and immunohistochemistry of Newcastle disease in domestic chicken () and Alabio duck ().

Background: Newcastle disease is very pathogenic in chickens, whereas in ducks, the disease does not show any clinical symptoms.

Aims: To compare the clinical symptoms features, pathological lesions, viral distribution, and apoptosis response caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in domestic chicken and Alabio duck.

Methods: Forty domestic chickens and 40 Alabio ducks were separated into four groups: domestic chicken and Alabio duck treatment groups, where each was infected by NDV velogenic ducks/Aceh Besar_IND/2013/eoAC080721 in 10ELD dosage.

Managing the Nursing Shortage During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Nursing care contributes to the safety and the quality of care of patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses became frontline care providers.

Materials And Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using an online focus group discussion of eight nurse committee members from six hospitals.

Local Allergen-Specific IgE Production in Turbinate Tissue of Pediatric Patients.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to compare serum allergen-specific IgE to IgE levels in nasal tissue taken from the inferior turbinates of pediatric patients undergoing turbinate reduction.

Methods: Twenty-six pediatric patients were recruited at the time of turbinate reduction surgery. At the time of recruitment, parents of patients completed the validated 22 item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) to describe symptoms prior to surgery.

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among obstetric patients in Ottawa, Canada: a descriptive study.

Background: There is limited information on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in obstetric settings in Canada, beyond the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (February to June 2020). We sought to describe the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant people admitted to triage units at a tertiary care hospital in Ottawa, Canada.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive study of pregnant people admitted to obstetric triage assessment units at The Ottawa Hospital between Oct.

Racial variations of adverse perinatal outcomes: A population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada.

Introduction: Racial differences in adverse maternal and birth outcomes have been studied in other countries, however, there are few studies specific to the Canadian population. In this study, we sought to examine the inequities in adverse perinatal outcomes between Black and White pregnant people in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study that included all Black and White pregnant people who attended prenatal screening and had a singleton birth in any Ontario hospital (April 1st, 2012-March 31st, 2019).

Barriers to Cancer Care in Northern Tanzania: Patient and Health-System Predictors for Delayed Presentation.

Purpose: Cancer is a growing problem in Africa, and delays in receiving timely cancer care often results in poorer outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the patient and health-system factors associated with delayed cancer care in adults living in the Northern Zone of Tanzania.

Patients And Methods: Between July 2018 and July 2019, we surveyed adult patients presenting to an oncology clinic in Northern Tanzania.

Improving Delivery of Care through Standardized Monitoring in Children with Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Introduction: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, antigen-driven disorder for which endoscopic monitoring and multidisciplinary care are recommended to achieve histologic remission. The EoE team at our large academic center developed a quality improvement (QI) initiative aimed to reduce variability in monitoring. This QI project focused on completing 3 process metrics within 6 months of diagnosis: (1) outpatient follow-up with a gastroenterologist; (2) referral to an allergist; and (3) Follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).

Sex Differences in Blood Transcriptional Profiles and Clinical Phenotypes in Pediatric Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an increasingly recognized, chronic inflammatory disease. Recent reports suggest clinical differences between males and females.

Objective: To define the relevant molecular pathways that could be related to clinical phenotypes in children with EoE.

An Overview of the Relevance of IgG4 Antibodies in Allergic Disease with a Focus on Food Allergens.

Antibodies of the IgG4 isotype are strongly associated with allergic disease but have several properties such as not precipitating with allergens, not activating complement and poor binding to Fcγ receptors that argue against a pro-inflammatory role. In keeping with that, IgG4 antibodies are a striking feature of the response to immunotherapy. In two naturally occurring situations IgG4 antibodies are common with low or absent IgE antibodies.

Birth outcomes following cesarean delivery on maternal request: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Data on the effect of cesarean delivery on maternal request (CDMR) on maternal and neonatal outcomes are inconsistent and often limited by inadequate case definitions and other methodological issues. Our objective was to evaluate the trends, determinants and outcomes of CDMR using an intent-to-treat approach.

Methods: We designed a population-based retrospective cohort study using data on low-risk pregnancies in Ontario, Canada (April 2012-March 2018).

Moist wound dressing and its application in distant skin flap in cats.

Background And Aim: Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process that requires an appropriate environment to promote healing process. The healing of distant flaps in cats is determined by vascularization, nutrient sufficiency for the cells, and stability of skin flaps. This study aims to evaluate the healing of distant flaps treated with moist wound dressing through subjective and objective observation in five cats with wounds in the forelimb and hindlimb area to determine the time to cut the skin flaps from the donor site.

Gestational Folate and Folic Acid Intake among Women in Canada at Higher Risk of Pre-Eclampsia.

Background: Periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation is recommended to prevent neural tube defects; however, the extent to which recommendations are met through dietary sources and supplements is not clear.

Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the dietary and supplemental intakes of FA in a Canadian pregnancy cohort and to determine the proportions of pregnant women exceeding the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).

Methods: FACT (the Folic Acid Clinical Trial) was an international multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase III trial investigating FA for the prevention of pre-eclampsia in high-risk pregnancies.

Comparison of adverse perinatal outcomes between Asians and Caucasians: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario.

Background: Racial disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes have been studied in other countries, but little has been done for the Canadian population. In this study, we sought to examine the disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes between Asians and Caucasians in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study that included all Asian and Caucasian women who attended a prenatal screening and resulted in a singleton birth in an Ontario hospital (April 1st, 2015-March 31st, 2017).

Smartphone-Enhanced Training, QA, Monitoring, and Evaluation of a Platform for Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges to Implementation in Tanzania.

Purpose: Until human papillomavirus (HPV)-based cervical screening is more affordable and widely available, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is recommended by the WHO for screening in lower-resource settings. Visual inspection will still be required to assess the cervix for women whose screening is positive for high-risk HPV. However, the quality of VIA can vary widely, and it is difficult to maintain a well-trained cadre of providers.

Foundations for Self-Determination in Early Childhood: Preliminary Preschool Study.

Foundations for self-determination begin in early childhood for children with disabilities with the onset of self-regulation and engagement in activities at home, school, and in the community. This article describes the development and preliminary results of an intervention model that encourages collaborative practices for parents and teachers around short-term goal setting to adjust environments for young children with special needs or at risk for delay. The Foundations Intervention was used with 48 children in authentic early childhood settings and involved parents, teachers, and a facilitator to enhance children's self-regulation and engagement at home and school.

Implementation barriers for mHealth for non-communicable diseases management in low and middle income countries: a scoping review and field-based views from implementers.

: Mobile health (mHealth) has been hailed as a potential gamechanger for non-communicable disease (NCD) management, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Individual studies illustrate barriers to implementation and scale-up, but an overview of implementation issues for NCD mHealth interventions in LMIC is lacking. This paper explores implementation issues from two perspectives: information in published papers and field-based knowledge by people working in this field.