Adrenal gland injury in trauma patients and its impact on clinical outcomes.

Background: Adrenal gland injury (AGI) associated with trauma is an uncommon and often overlooked condition. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of AGI in individuals with severe trauma injuries and investigate the outcomes of patients with AGI.

Methods: All patients admitted to a tertiary trauma referral center under the trauma protocol who had a computed tomography (CT) scan between January 2012 and January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.

FKBP38 Regulates Self-Renewal and Survival of GBM Neurospheres.

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. The outcome is dismal, despite the multimodal therapeutic approach that includes surgical resection, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. The quest for novel therapeutic targets to treat glioblastoma is underway.

Clinical outcomes of obstructive colorectal cancer patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all aspects of clinical care including diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancers (CRCs) globally, including in Türkiye. During the initial peak of the pandemic, elective surgeries and outpatient clinics were restricted in addition to the government-imposed lockdown, resulting in a decrease in the number of colonoscopies being performed and patients admitted to inpatient wards for treatment of CRCs. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the pandemic has affected presentation characteristics and outcomes of obstructive colorectal cancer in this period.

Metabolomics of bacterial-fungal pairwise interactions reveal conserved molecular mechanisms.

Bacterial-fungal interactions (BFIs) can shape the structure of microbial communities, but the small molecules mediating these BFIs are often understudied. We explored various optimization steps for our microbial culture and chemical extraction protocols for bacterial-fungal co-cultures, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that metabolomic profiles are mainly comprised of fungi derived features, indicating that fungi are the key contributors to small molecules in BFIs. LC-inductively coupled plasma MS (LC-ICP-MS) and MS/MS based dereplication using database searching revealed the presence of several known fungal specialized metabolites and structurally related analogues in these extracts, including siderophores such as desferrichrome, desferricoprogen, and palmitoylcoprogen.

Metabolomics of bacterial-fungal pairwise interactions reveal conserved molecular mechanisms.

Bacterial-fungal interactions (BFIs) can shape the structure of microbial communities, but the small molecules mediating these BFIs are often understudied. We explored various optimization steps for our microbial culture and chemical extraction protocols for bacterial-fungal co-cultures, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that metabolomic profiles are mainly comprised of fungi derived features, indicating that fungi are the key contributors to small molecule mediated BFIs. LC-inductively coupled plasma MS (LC-ICP-MS) and MS/MS based dereplication using database searching revealed the presence of several known fungal specialized metabolites and structurally related analogues in these extracts, including siderophores such as desferrichrome, desferricoprogen, and palmitoylcoprogen.

Energy Crops and Methane: Process Optimization of Ca(OH) Assisted Thermal Pretreatment and Modeling of Methane Production.

Switchgrass earned its place globally as a significant energy crop by possessing essential properties such as being able to control erosion, low cost of production, biomass richness, and appeal for biofuel production. In this study, the impact of a Ca(OH)-assisted thermal pretreatment process on the switchgrass variety Shawnee for methane fuel production was investigated. The Ca(OH)-assisted thermal pretreatment process was optimized to enhance the methane production potential of switchgrass.

Modeling human extraembryonic mesoderm cells using naive pluripotent stem cells.

A hallmark of primate postimplantation embryogenesis is the specification of extraembryonic mesoderm (EXM) before gastrulation, in contrast to rodents where this tissue is formed only after gastrulation. Here, we discover that naive human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are competent to differentiate into EXM cells (EXMCs). EXMCs are specified by inhibition of Nodal signaling and GSK3B, are maintained by mTOR and BMP4 signaling activity, and their transcriptome and epigenome closely resemble that of human and monkey embryo EXM.

Can invasive diagnostic methods be reduced by magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of diaphragmatic injuries in left thoracoabdominal penetrating injuries?

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting diaphragmatic injury by comparing preoperative computed tomography (CT) and MRI imaging results with diagnostic laparoscopy/thoracoscopy results in patients with left thoracoabdominal penetrating injury. We investigated whether MRI reduces the rate of unnecessary surgery by examining its sensitivity and specificity.

Materials And Methods: Patients with left thoracoabdominal penetrating injuries who applied to the Emergency Surgery Unit of Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine between November 2017 and December 2020 were evaluated.

Integrated multi-omics reveal polycomb repressive complex 2 restricts human trophoblast induction.

Human naive pluripotent stem cells have unrestricted lineage potential. Underpinning this property, naive cells are thought to lack chromatin-based lineage barriers. However, this assumption has not been tested.

Is emergency gastrointestinal system tumor surgery safe under treatment of antitrombotics?

Background: The use of antitrombotic (antiaggregant and anticoagulant) drugs is increasing all over the world and in our coun-try. About 12.6% of patients who underwent gastrointestinal tumor surgery receive antitrombotic therapy for various reasons, and in this study, we aimed to demonstrate the safe feasibility of elective or emergency gastrointestinal tumor surgery with the correct perioperative antitrombotic therapy management.

A rare cause of acute abdominal pain: Actinomyces infection of colon mimicking a malignant neoplasm due to intrauterine device.

Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic granulomatous disease that is challenging to diagnose because the clinical symptoms and signs are nonspecific. Usage of intrauterine device (IUD) or being immunocompromised is facilitating factors. Clinical and radiological findings can mimic malignant neoplasm, inflammatory bowel disorder, or acute diverticulitis.

Can ionized calcium levels and platelet counts used for estimating the prognosis of pediatric trauma patients admitted to the emergency surgery intensive care?

Background: Injury is the leading cause of death for pediatric population older than 1 year of age and 95% of those deaths are from the low- and middle-income countries. Most of those injured pediatric patients are treated in general hospitals. In designated trauma centers, the outcomes of severely injured patients are better.

Factors predicting severity level, progression and recurrence risk of acute left colonic diverticulitis in Turkey: A multicenter study.

Background: Acute left colonic diverticulitis (ALCD) ranges from localized diverticulitis to perforation and fecal peritonitis, and treatment varies from conservative management to emergency surgery. The risk factors for recurrence following nonoperative management of ALCD is still controversial. We aimed to define the factors predicting severity level, progression and recurrence risk of ALCD to timely select patients requiring surgery.

Recommendations for Trauma and Emergency General Surgery Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic.

COVID-19 is a new disease, based on currently available limited information, older adults and people of any age who have severe underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19. People of all age groups are also at risk. Healthcare providers have always been the professionals most exposed to the risk of contracting to any kind of infection due to the nature of their profession.

Human cremaster muscle and cremasteric reflex: A comprehensive review.

Objective: Human research on the cremaster muscle (CM), cremasteric reflex (CMR) and genitofemoral nerve (GFN) and reports on their clinical applications using electrophysiological and histological techniques are rare. We aimed to present a detailed review of the human CM and CMR based on our earlier publications and relevant literature.

Methods: Electromyography (EMG) of the CM was recorded using disposable needle electrodes.

Coverage of exposed bone and hardware of the medial malleolus with tibialis posterior artery perforator flap after ankle fracture surgery complications.

Ankle fractures are among the most common orthopaedic surgical procedures. Skin-related complications of these surgeries are difficult to reconstruct due to the inadequacy of soft tissue in the region. Although free flaps are generally considered as the first choice in reconstruction of this area, free flaps may not be a suitable option especially in patients with advanced age and comorbidities.

Extracorporeal Free Flap Perfusion Using Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Device: An Experimental Model.

Extracorporeal perfusion of organs has a wide range of clinical applications like prolonged vital storage of organs, isolated applications of drugs, bridging time to transplant, and free composite tissue transfer without anastomosis, but there are a limited number of experimental models on this topic.This study aimed to develop and evaluate a human extracorporeal free flap perfusion model using an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation device. Five patients undergoing esthetic abdominoplasty participated in this study.

Post-Transplant Immune Tolerance in Rats Following Lymphocyte Injection Into the Anterior Chamber of the Eye.

Objective: We aimed to compare the clinical and histopathological results of skin graft transplants between rats that had been injected with lymphocytes into the anterior chamber of the eye with those that had not.

Methods: A total of 16 Wistar albino, male rats were included in the study. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely a test group and a control group.

Spontaneous transvaginal small bowel evisceration following hysterectomy: a case report.

Transvaginal small bowel evisceration is a rare, life-threatening condition, requiring urgent surgical intervention. In our case, ischemia developed in the intestinal segment with evisceration, with a laceration in the small intestine of the mesentery, and finally, a small bowel resection was required. An 89-year-old woman was brought to the hospital with a sudden onset of abdominal pain, which lasted for 4 hours.

Stylohyoid Muscle Transfer in Marginal Mandibular Nerve Palsy.

Isolated paralysis of the marginal mandibular nerve results in an asymmetrical lip appearance with aesthetic and functional losses. Until today treatment options include mainly muscle transfers, and botulinium toxin injections for temporary issues. Since it was first reported by Edgerton, the technique of anterior belly of digastric transfer has been one of the most preferred.

Is nighttime laparoscopic general surgery under general anesthesia safe?

Background: Fatigue and sleep deprivation can affect rational decision-making and motor skills, which can decrease medical performance and quality of patient care. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between times of the day when laparoscopic general surgery under general anesthesia was performed and their adverse outcomes.

Methods: All laparoscopic cholecystectomies and appendectomies performed at the emergency surgery department of a tertiary university hospital from 01.

Swallow-induced syncope in 5 patients: Electrophysiologic evaluation during swallowing.

Background: We sought to characterize a cohort of participants with swallow-induced syncope (SIS) with clinical and electrophysiologic evaluations.

Methods: Using electrocardiographic monitoring and neurophysiologic methods of swallowing, we evaluated a cohort of 5 patients with SIS, 4 of whom had longitudinal follow-up.

Results: We determined electrophysiologically that the duration between the onset of swallow and a bradyarrhythmia or asystole is extremely short (2-3 seconds) in SIS.