In Search of a Target Gene for a Desirable Phenotype in Aquaculture: Genome Editing of Cyprinidae and Salmonidae Species.

Aquaculture supplies the world food market with a significant amount of valuable protein. Highly productive aquaculture fishes can be derived by utilizing genome-editing methods, and the main problem is to choose a target gene to obtain the desirable phenotype. This paper presents a review of the studies of genome editing for genes controlling body development, growth, pigmentation and sex determination in five key aquaculture Salmonidae and Cyprinidae species, such as rainbow trout (), Atlantic salmon (), common carp (), goldfish (), Gibel carp () and the model fish zebrafish ().

NaGaPOF - a KTiOPO-structured solid sodium-ion conductor.

Advanced ionic conductors are crucial for a large variety of contemporary technologies spanning solid state ion batteries, fuel cells, gas sensors, water desalination, . In this work, we report on a new member of KTiOPO-structured materials, NaGaPOF, with sodium-ion conductivity. NaGaPOF has been obtained for the first time a facile two-step synthesis consisting of a hydrothermal preparation of an ammonia-based precursor, NHGaPOF, followed by an ion exchange reaction with NaNO.

[An expert system for differential diagnosis of medullary and oxyphilic cell thyroid carcinoma].

Objective: To reveal the quantitative regularities of pathological changes in the nuclei and aggregates of C and B cells and to build an expert system on their basis for the differential diagnosis of medullary and oxyphilic cell thyroid carcinoma.

Material And Methods: Puncture smears with histologically verified medullary (C cell) carcinoma and oxyphilic cell (B cell) carcinoma were investigated. The nuclei and aggregates of C cells and B cells (Hürthle cells, oncocytes) were morphometrically examined with a computer color image analyzer on the basis of a light microscope and a digital photo camera.

[The differentiated diagnostic of oxyphilous cellular cancer and oxyphilous cellular adenoma based on the expertise system].

The morphometry was applied to evaluate pathological alterations of degree of aggregation of Hürthle cells under oxyphilous cellular cancer and oxyphilous cellular adenoma of thyroid. The established regularities founded the expertise system on the basis of set of threshold values of 16 qualitative parameters of aggregates and their weighting coefficients. The application of expertise system will allow evaluating with effectiveness of 85.

[Reaction of population of pulmonary mast cells in rat bronchial asthma under the effect of β-adrenoreceptor antagonists].

Multifunctional granular mast cells (MCs) are among targets in bronchial asthma (BA) therapy. We studied pulmonary MC population in a rat model of BA under the effect of β-adrenoreceptor antagonists and of the latter combined with the standard therapy (glucocorticoid budesonide + β2-adrenergic agonist salbutamol). MCs of different degrees of maturity were identified on paraffin section of lung stained with Alcian blue and Safranin.

[A sharp increase in the density of pulmonary and pericardial mast cells under monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats].

Multifunctional granular mast cells (MCs) are involved in various pathological processes. The response of MC populations of myocardium, pericardium and lung to pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been studies 8 weeks after injection of monocrotaline. Five intact and five experimental rats were used.

[Effect of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on the density of myocardial, pericardial and pulmonary rat mast cells under experimental heart failure].

Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). We studied the effect of lisinopril (LP) and fosinopril (FP), the inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme, and of losartan (LT), the antagonist of Angiotensin II receptors, on the behavior of multifunctional mast cells (MCs) under experimental HF. The inhibitors of RAS were daily injected during 4 weeks in 4 weeks after two (at 24-h interval) isoproterenol injections.

[Comparative characteristics of some pharmacological models of chronic heart failure].

Effectiveness and informativity of various experimental pharmacological models of the chronic heart failure (CCF) in rats have been evaluated by means of ultrasonic cardiography. It has been established that isoproterenol (INN isoprenaline) (80 mg/kg, s.c.

[The density of myocardial and pericardial rat mast cells in isoproterenol-induced heart failure].

Myocardial mast cells (MC) respond to cardiovascular pathology. The behavior of MC population in myocardium and pericardium of rats has been studied 24 h, 14, 28 and 60 days after two isoproterenol injections (at 24 h intervals). The extent of heart failure has been estimated by supersonic inspection 28 and 60 days after isoproterenol injections.

[Activation of mast cells after experimental myocardial infarction in 3 week-old rats].

It is known that mast cells (MC) take an active part in regeneration processes in postinfarction heart in adult rats and humans. Behaviour of population of cardial MCs has been studied 20, 60, 75 and 90 days after experimental myocardial infraction induced in 3 week-old and adult rats by ligation of left coronary artery. The density of MC of different degrees of maturity was estimated in atrium and ventricle on paraffin sections stained with Alcian blue - Safranin.

[Human fetal ventricular cardiomyocytes in vitro: proliferation and differentiation].

In this study, in the primary cell culture of human fetal cardiomyocytes proliferation of myocytes combines with their differentiation. The cells were isolated enzymatically from 19-22 week-old human fetuses and cultured for 14 days. DNA synthesis, ultrastructure and presence of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were examined.

[Clinical value of morphological analysis of radial and internal mammary arteries in patients with ischemic heart disease].

Morphological study of intraoperative biopsies of radial and internal mammary arteries taken from patients with ischemic heart disease during coronary bypass surgery revealed structural alterations of intima and media mostly in radial artery. These alterations depended on severity of arterial hypertension, presence of diabetes and extent of atherosclerosis. Hyperplasia of intima could be a basis for radial artery spasm and cause of graft stenoses and occlusions.

[Heart ventricular cells of neonatal rats in a culture: DNA synthesis, ultrastructure and localization of atrial natriuretic peptide].

We determined the optimal conditions suitable for expanding cardiac cells in vitro for their future use in experimental transplantation into injured myocardium of adult animals. Ventricular cardiac cells were isolated enzymatically from 2-3 day-old rats and cultured at different cell densities within 5-7 days to 4 weeks. Mixed cultures of muscle and non-muscle cells were examined by light autoradiography, electron microscopy, and immunogold method.

[Mitotic activity, ploidy and ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes from human embryo and fetuses].

There is an evidence that mitotic activity of human cardiomyocytes in late fetal and early postnatal ontogenesis is very low. But little is known of the division of human cardiomyocytes at earlier stages of development. In this study mitotic activity of ventricular and atrial human cardiomyocytes of 4-8-week-old embryos and 17-32-week-old fetuses has been studied.

[Correlation between the level of polyploidy and hypertrophy and degree of human atrial cardiomyocyte damage in certain congenital and acquired heart pathologies].

Cardiomyocytes of right auricle of human heart were obtained during open heart surgery from 5 patients (aged from 3.6 to 6 years) with congenital heart diseases (atrial septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot, group I), from 6 patients (aged from 20 to 49 years) with mitral valve disease (group II) and from 5 patients (aged from 40 to 54 years) with ischemic heart disease (group III). Ploidy and area of cells were measured in isolated myocytes after the Feulgen staining.

[The effect of formaldehyde modification on the physicochemical properties and specific activity of an allergen from Dermatophagoides farinae mites].

D. farinae allergen has been modified with formaldehyde and its properties have been studied. This study has demonstrated that the formolation of D.

[Cytophotometric, morphometric and electron microscopic studies of the cardiomyocytes of the human atrium in ischemic heart disease].

During an open-heart surgery, right atrium myocytes were obtained from 5 patients (aged from 40 to 54 years) with ischemic hearts. The DNA and total protein contents were measured in isolated cells using two-wavelength scanning cytophotometry after the double staining: the Feulgen nuclear reaction followed by naphthol yellow S staining. The degree of ploidy in the investigated myocytes appeared not high.

[The DNA and protein content of atrial cardiomyocytes and the size and ultrastructure of the cardiomyocytes in children with congenital heart defects].

Right atrium myocytes were obtained during open heart surgery from 4 patients with atrial septal defect, and from 1 patient with Fallot's tetrad, aged from 3.5 to 6 years. DNA and total protein contents were measured consecutively in isolated cells using two-wave-length scanning cytophotometry following double staining after Feulgen and with naphthol yellow S.

[Antibodies to skeletal muscle myofibrillar proteins in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis].

One of the mechanisms of muscular involvement in RA patients was elucidated by identification of antibodies to skeletal muscle components (actin and tropomyosin). Clinical symptoms of skeletal muscles involvement in RA proved to be associated with elevated count of tropomyosin antibodies against an insignificant informative value of actin. Enzyme immunoassay with tropomyosin has established a direct correlation between the number of the antibodies and RA activity.

[The morphological characteristics of the nephrotic form of glomerulonephritis in children at puberty].

67 children (from 3 to 18 years of age) and 26 adults (19-30-year-olds) with nephrotic or mixed forms of glomerulonephritis (GN) are studied. The most severe and pleiomorphic forms of GN are found in children of 12 to 15 years of age: mesangio-capillary, mesangial proliferative, extracapillary proliferative GN with "half-moon" structures, sclerosing GN. Pronounced disturbances of the vimentine content and distribution in the basal lamina, of i.

[The antigenic and allergenic properties of an extract from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae].

To evaluate the antigenic composition and allergenic activity of D. farinae extracts, the methods of rocket and cross immunoelectrophoresis, gel chromatography and the inhibition of the radioallergosorbent test have been used. The presence of 9-20 antigenic components has been established.

[DNA synthesis in myocytes of the heart conduction system in myocardial infarction induced in young rats].

The myocardial infarction was induced in 13- and 21-day-old rats. The extent of the DNA synthesis activation in myocytes of conduction system compartments compared with atrial and ventricular myocytes was evaluated by cumulative indices of labeled nuclei after 30-times-repeated 2H-thymidine injections at 12h intervals. Labeling indices in atrial myocytes are two to six times higher (0.

[The properties and areas of use of an immobilized granulated streptolysin O].

The heat-resistant preparations of immobilized granulated streptolysin O were obtained with the use of emulsion polymerization techniques. In experiments the presence of gangliosides and cholesterol affected the hemolytic activity of immobilized streptolysine O. The preparations thus obtained were used in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as antigens for the determination of specific antibodies in rheumatic fever patients and healthy persons.

[Changes in the ultrastructure and DNA and protein content in human atrial myocytes in cardiac hyperfunction due to mitral valve defects].

Biopsies from human right auricles were obtained during open heart surgery, prior to valve replacement, from six patients (aged from 20 to 49 years) with rheumatic heart disease. DNA and the total protein contents were measured in isolated myocytes by means of the two wave-length scanning cytophotometry after the double Feulgen and Naphthol yellow S staining procedure. In all the biopsies polyploid hypertrophied myocytes predominate.

[Immobilization of myocardial tropomyosin].

Immobilized granulated myocardial tropomyosin with magnetic properties of prolonged period of storage was obtained. Tropomyosin inclusion into granules emulsion polymerisation is 89.5%.