Oxidative Injury to Lung Mitochondrial DNA is a Key Contributor for the Development of Chemical Lung Injury.

The mechanisms and extent to which inhalation of oxidant gases damage the mitochondrial genome contributing to the development of acute and chronic lung injury have not been investigated. C57BL/6 mice exposed to chlorine (Cl ) gas and returned to room air, developed progressive loss of lung DNA glycosylase OGG1, significant oxidative injury to mtDNA, decreased intact lung mitochondrial (mt) DNA, generation of inflammatory pathway by DAMPs causing airway and alveolar injury with significant mortality. Global proteomics identified over 1400 lung proteins with alteration of key mitochondrial proteins at 24 h post Cl exposure.

Hemopexin reverses activation of lung eIF2α and decreases mitochondrial injury in chlorine-exposed mice.

We assessed the mechanisms by which nonencapsulated heme, released in the plasma of mice after exposure to chlorine (Cl) gas, resulted in the initiation and propagation of acute lung injury. We exposed adult male and female C57BL/6 mice to Cl (500 ppm for 30 min), returned them to room air, and injected them intramuscularly with either human hemopexin (hHPX; 5 µg/g BW in 50-µL saline) or vehicle at 1 h post-exposure. Upon return to room air, Cl-exposed mice, injected with vehicle, developed respiratory acidosis, increased concentrations of plasma proteins in the alveolar space, lung mitochondrial DNA injury, increased levels of free plasma heme, and major alterations of their lung proteome.

Circulating tumor HPV DNA assessments after surgery for human papilloma virus-associated oropharynx carcinoma.

Purpose: To understand the utility of circulating tumor human papillomavirus DNA (ctHPVDNA) blood testing for HPV-associated oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPSCC) after definitive surgery.

Materials And Methods: Prospective cohort study of HPV(+)OPSCC patients with ctHPVDNA test data to assess its accuracy in detecting biopsy-confirmed disease at various post-treatment time points. Eligible patients had p16(+)/HPV(+) OPSCC and ctHPVDNA testing performed at any time pre-operatively and/or postoperatively.

Treatment Modality Impact on Patient-Reported Quality of Life in Human Papilloma Virus-Associated Oropharyngeal Carcinoma.

Objective: To prospectively compare the impact of treatment modality on patient-reported quality of life (QOL) in human papillomavirus-associated oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPSCC).

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Sociodemographic Disparities in Educational Services in Children who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing.

Objective: Examine the association between sociodemographic factors and Individualized Education Program (IEP) establishment.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Hemopexin Reverses Activation of Lung eIF2a and Decreases Mitochondrial Injury in Chlorine Exposed Mice.

We assessed the mechanisms by which non-encapsulated heme, released in the plasma of mice post exposure to chlorine (Cl ) gas, resulted in the initiation and propagation of acute lung injury. We exposed adult C57BL/6 male and female to Cl (500 ppm for 30 min) in environmental chambers and returned them to room air and injected them intramuscularly with a single dose of human hemopexin (hHPX; 5 µg/ g BW), the most efficient scavenger of heme, 30-60 min post exposure. Concentrations of hHPX in plasma of air and Cl exposed mice were 9081±900 vs.

A prospective evaluation of neck and shoulder function following treatments of early-stage human papillomavirus-associated oropharynx cancer.

Objectives: To compare post-treatment neck and shoulder function between human papillomavirus-associated oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPSCC) treatments.

Design: Prospective, repeated-measures study.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Prospective quality of life outcomes for human papillomavirus associated oropharynx cancer patients after surgery alone.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in patient-reported quality of life (QOL) to inform treatment decisions for human papillomavirus-associated oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPSCC).

Materials And Methods: Patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition cT0-T3 and cN0-N3 HPV + OPSCC treated with transoral robotic surgery to the primary site with neck dissection completed questionnaires prior to surgery and at three-months and one-year post-operatively. Questionnaires included four validated instruments: the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and Head and Neck Module (HN35), and the Neck Dissection Impairment Index (NDII).

Patient-Defined Goals for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment.

Objectives: To characterize the treatment goals and values of adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Study Design: Mixed methods design based on semistructured interviews followed by cross-sectional surveys.

Setting: Academic medical center and integrated managed care consortium.

Characterizing Decisional Conflict in Patients Presenting to Sleep Surgery Clinic and an Exploration of Resource Limitations.

Objectives: Numerous therapies exist for adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), creating potential for patient decisional conflict (DC) that impacts treatment adherence and post-treatment regret. We evaluated the prevalence of elevated DC in OSA patients presenting for positive airway pressure (PAP) alternative therapies and identified gaps in available resources about OSA therapies.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Complex picture for likelihood of ENSO-driven flood hazard.

El Niño and La Niña events, the extremes of ENSO climate variability, influence river flow and flooding at the global scale. Estimates of the historical probability of extreme (high or low) precipitation are used to provide vital information on the likelihood of adverse impacts during extreme ENSO events. However, the nonlinearity between precipitation and flood magnitude motivates the need for estimation of historical probabilities using analysis of hydrological data sets.

Chlamydia: A major health threat to adolescents and young adults.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) constitute a major health burden in the United States, causing a number of health problems. Of the top 10 infections reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), five were STDs--chlamydia, gonorrhea, AIDS, syphilis, and hepatitis B. Chlamydia trachomatis infections are among the most prevalent of all STDs, and is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States.

Lithium-7 nuclear magnetic resonance, water proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and gadolinium electron paramagnetic resonance studies of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport adenosine triphosphatase.

The interactions of gadolinium ion, lithium, and two substrate analogues, beta,gamma-imido-ATP (AMP-PNP) and tridentate CrATP, with the calcium ion transport adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase) of rabbit muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum have been examined by using 7Li+ NMR, water proton NMR, and Gd3+ EPR studies. Steady-state phosphorylation studies indicate that Gd3+ binds to the Ca2+ activator sites on the enzyme with an affinity which is approximately 10 times greater than that of Ca2+. 7Li+, which activates the Ca2+-ATPase in place of K+, has been found to be a suitable nucleus for probing the active sites of monovalent cation-requiring enzymes.