Reconsidering remission in recurrent late-life depression: clinical presentation and phenotypic predictors of relapse following successful antidepressant treatment.

Background: Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by repeated recurrent depressive episodes even with maintenance treatment. It is unclear what clinical and cognitive phenotypic characteristics present during remission predict future recurrence.

Methods: Participants (135 with remitted LLD and 69 comparison subjects across three institutions) completed baseline phenotyping, including psychiatric, medical, and social history, psychiatric symptom and personality trait assessment, and neuropsychological testing.

RGB to hyperspectral: Spectral reconstruction for enhanced surgical imaging.

This study investigates the reconstruction of hyperspectral signatures from RGB data to enhance surgical imaging, utilizing the publicly available HeiPorSPECTRAL dataset from porcine surgery and an in-house neurosurgery dataset. Various architectures based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformer models are evaluated using comprehensive metrics. Transformer models exhibit superior performance in terms of RMSE, SAM, PSNR and SSIM by effectively integrating spatial information to predict accurate spectral profiles, encompassing both visible and extended spectral ranges.

Calibration-Jitter: Augmentation of hyperspectral data for improved surgical scene segmentation.

Semantic surgical scene segmentation is crucial for accurately identifying and delineating different tissue types during surgery, enhancing outcomes and reducing complications. Hyperspectral imaging provides detailed information beyond visible color filters, offering an enhanced view of tissue characteristics. Combined with machine learning, it supports critical tumor resection decisions.

PoLambRimetry: a multispectral polarimetric atlas of lamb brain.

Significance: Mueller matrix imaging (MMI) is a comprehensive form of polarization imaging useful for assessing structural changes. However, there is limited literature on the polarimetric properties of brain specimens, especially with multispectral analysis.

Aim: We aim to employ multispectral MMI for an exhaustive polarimetric analysis of brain structures, providing a reference dataset for future studies and enhancing the understanding of brain anatomy for clinicians and researchers.

Effects of open-label transdermal nicotine antidepressant augmentation on affective symptoms and executive function in late-life depression.

Background: Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by a poor response to antidepressant medications and diminished cognitive performance, particularly in executive functioning. There is currently no accepted pharmacotherapy for LLD that effectively treats both mood and cognitive symptoms. This study investigated whether transdermal nicotine augmentation of standard antidepressant medications benefitted mood and cognitive symptoms in LLD.

Computational Polarization Imaging In Vivo through Surgical Smoke Using Refined Polarization Difference.

In surgery, the surgical smoke generated during tissue dissection and hemostasis can degrade the image quality, affecting tissue visibility and interfering with the further image processing. Developing reliable and interpretable computational imaging methods for restoring smoke-affected surgical images is crucial, as typical image restoration methods relying on color-texture information are insufficient. Here a computational polarization imaging method through surgical smoke is demonstrated, including a refined polarization difference estimation based on the discrete electric field direction, and a corresponding prior-based estimation method, for better parameter estimation and image restoration performance.

Surgical strategy and complication management of osteotomy around the painful degenerative varus knee: ESSKA Formal Consensus Part II.

Purpose: The purpose of the European consensus was to provide recommendations for the treatment of patients with a painful degenerative varus knee using a joint preservation approach. Part II focused on surgery, rehabilitation and complications after tibial or femoral correction osteotomy.

Methods: Ninety-four orthopaedic surgeons from 24 countries across Europe were involved in the consensus, which focused on osteotomies around the knee.

Osteotomy around the painful degenerative varus knee has broader indications than conventionally described but must follow a strict planning process: ESSKA Formal Consensus Part I.

Purpose: The European consensus was designed with the objective of combining science and expertise to produce recommendations that would educate and provide guidance in the treatment of the painful degenerative varus knee. Part I focused on indications and planning.

Methods: Ninety-four orthopaedic surgeons from 24 European countries were involved in the consensus, which focused on the most common indications for osteotomy around the knee.

Novel Techniques in Microscopy: introduction to the feature issue.

The editors introduce the feature issue on "Novel Techniques in Microscopy," which was the topic of a symposium held on April 24-27, 2023, in Vancouver, BC. This symposium was part of the Optics in the Life Sciences Congress.

Monoclonal Antibodies for Targeted Fluorescence-Guided Surgery: A Review of Applicability across Multiple Solid Tumors.

This study aims to review the status of the clinical use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that have completed or are in ongoing clinical trials for targeted fluorescence-guided surgery (T-FGS) for the intraoperative identification of the tumor margins of extra-hematological solid tumors. For each of them, the targeted antigen, the mAb generic/commercial name and format, and clinical indications are presented, together with utility, doses, and the timing of administration. Based on the current scientific evidence in humans, the top three mAbs that could be prepared in a GMP-compliant bank ready to be delivered for surgical purposes are proposed to speed up the translation to the operating room and produce a few readily available "off-the-shelf" injectable fluorescent probes for safer and more effective solid tumor resection.

Fluorescence guided surgery imaging systems for breast cancer identification: a systematic review.

Significance: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is limited by high rates of positive margins and re-operative interventions. Fluorescence-guided surgery seeks to detect the entire lesion in real time, thus guiding the surgeons to remove all the tumor at the index procedure.

Aim: Our aim was to identify the optimal combination of a camera system and fluorophore for fluorescence-guided BCS.

Suppression of Ah Receptor (AhR) increases the aggressiveness of TNBC cells and 11-Cl-BBQ-activated AhR inhibits their growth.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents around 15% of the 2.26 million breast cancers diagnosed worldwide annually and has the worst outcome. Despite recent therapeutic advances, there remains a lack of targeted therapies for this breast cancer subtype.

Induction of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Cancer Cell-Selective Apoptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by a High-Affinity Benzimidazoisoquinoline.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a disease with a paucity of targeted treatment opportunities. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including the sensing of xenobiotics, immune function, development, and differentiation. Different small-molecule AhR ligands drive strikingly varied cellular and organismal responses.

Cognitive, Disability, and Treatment Outcome Implications of Symptom-Based Phenotyping in Late-Life Depression.

Objective: Late-life depression is associated with substantial heterogeneity in clinical presentation, disability, and response to antidepressant treatment. We examined whether self-report of severity of common symptoms, including anhedonia, apathy, rumination, worry, insomnia, and fatigue were associated with differences in presentation and response to treatment. We also examined whether these symptoms improved during treatment with escitalopram.

A Comparison of Spectroscopy and Imaging Techniques Utilizing Spectrally Resolved Diffusely Reflected Light for Intraoperative Margin Assessment in Breast-Conserving Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Up to 19% of patients require re-excision surgery due to positive margins in breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Intraoperative margin assessment tools (IMAs) that incorporate tissue optical measurements could help reduce re-excision rates. This review focuses on methods that use and assess spectrally resolved diffusely reflected light for breast cancer detection in the intraoperative setting.

A YOLOv5-based network for the detection of a diffuse reflectance spectroscopy probe to aid surgical guidance in gastrointestinal cancer surgery.

Purpose: A positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) for oesophageal and gastric carcinoma is associated with local recurrence and poorer long-term survival. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a non-invasive technology able to distinguish tissue type based on spectral data. The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning-based method for DRS probe detection and tracking to aid classification of tumour and non-tumour gastrointestinal (GI) tissue in real time.

Tumor-Suppressive Functions of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and AhR as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in regulating a wide range of biological responses. A diverse array of xenobiotics and endogenous small molecules bind to the receptor and drive unique phenotypic responses. Due in part to its role in mediating toxic responses to environmental pollutants, AhR activation has not been traditionally viewed as a viable therapeutic approach.

Surgical polarimetric endoscopy for the detection of laryngeal cancer.

The standard-of-care for the detection of laryngeal pathologies involves distinguishing suspicious lesions from surrounding healthy tissue via contrasts in colour and texture captured by white-light endoscopy. However, the technique is insufficiently sensitive and thus leads to unsatisfactory rates of false negatives. Here we show that laryngeal lesions can be better detected in real time by taking advantage of differences in the light-polarization properties of cancer and healthy tissues.

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva: Implications for late-stage diagnosis and infectious duration.

Saliva has been a COVID-19 diagnostic specimen of interest due to its simple collection, scalability, and yield. Yet COVID-19 testing and estimates of the infectious period remain largely based on nasopharyngeal and nasal swabs. We sought to evaluate whether saliva testing captured prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 and potential infectiousness later in the disease course.

Introduction to the Biophotonics Congress 2022 feature issue.

A feature issue is being presented by a team of guest editors containing papers based on studies presented at the Optica Biophotonics Congress: Biomedical Optics held on April 24-27, 2022 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.

Using musculoskeletal modelling to estimate knee joint loading pre and post high tibial osteotomy.

Background: Both medial knee osteoarthritis and associated varus alignment have been proposed to alter knee joint loading and consequently overloading the medial compartment. Individuals with knee osteoarthritis and varus deformity are candidates for coronal plane corrective surgery, high tibial osteotomy. This study evaluated knee loading and contact location for a control group, a pre-surgery cohort and the same cohort 12 months post-surgery using a musculoskeletal modelling approach.

Influences of resting-state intrinsic functional brain connectivity on the antidepressant treatment response in late-life depression.

Background: Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by differences in resting state functional connectivity within and between intrinsic functional networks. This study examined whether clinical improvement to antidepressant medications is associated with pre-randomization functional connectivity in intrinsic brain networks.

Methods: Participants were 95 elders aged 60 years or older with major depressive disorder.