Major trauma and comorbidity: a scoping review.

Purpose: Major trauma is a leading cause of acute morbidity and mortality. While injury severity drives much of the associated burden, pre-existing comorbidities may influence both acute management and long-term outcomes. This scoping review examines the impact of comorbidities on trauma outcomes.

"It's two separate systems that … keep you under a thumb": dual debt in the child support and criminal legal systems.

People simultaneously entangled in multiple state systems are often subject to contradictory legal mandates that can foster distrust and incentivize system avoidance. This study focuses on those indebted to both the child support system and the criminal legal system, a situation we describe as . We ask whether and how the imposition of legal debts with punitive surveillance and collections mechanisms fosters alienation in the form of legal cynicism and estrangement, which we refer to jointly as legal anomie.

Determinants of time to positivity in bloodstream infections: an analysis of a population-based cohort in Queensland, Australia.

Purpose: Time to Positivity (TTP) measures the interval from incubation to bacterial growth detection in blood cultures. Although shorter TTP is associated with higher mortality, factors associated with TTP remain uncertain.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among Queensland residents with positive blood cultures between 2000-2019.

Community-onset bloodstream infection among people with opioid use disorders: a twenty-year population-based cohort study in Queensland, Australia.

Background: Few studies have examined infection risk related to opioid misuse in non-selected populations.

Objectives: We sought to identify clinical factors and outcomes among adults with opioid use disorder-associated bloodstream infections (BSI)in Queensland, Australia.

Methods: All Queensland residents aged ≥20 years with incident community-onset BSI hospitalised within the public healthcare system during 2000-2019 were included.

Isotope Encoded Spatial Biology Identifies Amyloid Plaque-Age-Dependent Structural Maturation, Synaptic Loss, and Increased Toxicity.

Understanding how amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques form and progress to neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease remains a significant challenge. This study aims to elucidate the processes involved in Aβ plaque formation and maturation using a knock-in Aβ mouse model ( ). By employing mass spectrometry imaging and stable isotope labeling, we timestamped Aβ plaques from their initial deposition, enabling the spatial tracking of plaque aging.

Zinc and Copper Have the Greatest Relative Importance for River Macroinvertebrate Richness at a National Scale.

It is important to discover what change led to the improvement in European macroinvertebrate biodiversity in the period from 1990-2000s and what prevents further desirable gains from taking place today. A 30-year data set from 1,457 macroinvertebrate monitoring sites spread across England, with 65,032 discrete observations was combined with 41 chemical, physical, habitat, and geographic variables. This data set was analyzed using generalized linear mixed-effect models and generalized additive mixed models.

Major psychiatric comorbidity among the critically ill: a multi-centred cohort study in Queensland.

Background: Although comorbid medical diseases are important determinants of outcome among the critically ill, the role of psychiatric comorbidity is not well defined. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of psychiatric comorbidity and its effect on the outcome of patients admitted to adult intensive care units (ICU) in Queensland.

Methods: Admissions among adults to 12 ICUs in Queensland during 2015-2021 were included and clinical and outcome information was obtained through linkages between the ANZICS Adult Patient Database, the state-wide Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection, and death registry.

The effectiveness of a three-dimensional printed model for training novice healthcare professionals in central venous catheter insertion: A cross-sectional study in a critical care setting.

Background: We have previously used three-dimensional printing to develop a novel manikin for simulation training of central venous catheter insertion in critical care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fidelity of the model by testing with novice and experienced operators.

Methods: A convenience sample of intensivist physicians experienced in central venous catheter insertion and critical care nurses without prior central venous catheter training was assembled.

Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex bloodstream infection in adult patients: changing epidemiology and determinants of poor outcomes.

Purpose: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of hospital- and community-acquired infection and can readily acquire multiple antimicrobial resistance determinants leading to poor health outcomes. We define the contemporary burden of disease, risk factors for antimicrobial resistance, and poor health outcomes for patients with K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection (Kp-BSI).

Risk of mortality in Fusobacterium species bloodstream infection from a large Australian cohort.

Background: Fusobacterium species are anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli which are uncommon causes of bloodstream infection (BSI). This genus commonly colonises the gastrointestinal tract and can result in significant morbidity.

Methods: All blood cultures with growth of Fusobacterium species among residents of Queensland, Australia (population ≈ 5 million) were retrospectively identified over a 20-year period.

Hypophosphataemia in Critical Illness: A Narrative Review.

Phosphate is a predominately intracellular anion that has several key roles in normal cellular functions. Derangements in serum phosphate concentration occur frequently during critical illness, particularly hypophosphataemia, which has been reported in up to 75% of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. The association between hypophosphataemia and ICU outcomes reported in the literature are conflicting and and subject to substantial confounding.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections in children in Queensland, Australia, 2000-2019.

Aim: To investigate the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections (P-BSI) in Queensland children aged 0-18 years.

Methods: A retrospective data-linkage study was conducted of P-BSI identified by Pathology Queensland laboratories from resident Queensland children admitted to publicly-funded Queensland Hospitals between 2000 and 2019. We estimated age-standardised incidence of P-BSI and case fatality ratios (48 h, 7-, 30- and 90-day all-cause mortality from the date of the blood culture collection).

Age- and amyloid-β-dependent initiation of neurofibrillary tau tangles: an improved mouse model of Alzheimer's disease without mutations in .

Introducing heterozygous humanized tau to App knock-in mice results in the first mouse model of Alzheimer's disease in which age and amyloid-β pathology interact to initiate neurofibrillary tau tangle pathology, not dependent on mutations in MAPT. Gradual progression from amyloid-β to tau pathology in NLFTau mice opens possibilities for understanding processes precipitating clinical stages of Alzheimer's disease and development of translatable therapies to prevent the onset of tau pathology.

Differentiation of Providencia species bloodstream infections: A population-based analysis.

Background: Although Providencia species are recognised as important causes of bloodstream infections (BSI), their epidemiology is not well defined due to their infrequent occurrence. Our objective was to determine the overall incidence, determinants, and outcomes of Providencia species BSI, and compare the epidemiology of P. stuartii and P.

Isotope Encoded chemical Imaging Identifies Amyloid Plaque Age Dependent Structural Maturation, Synaptic Loss, and Increased Toxicity.

It is of critical importance to our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology to determine how key pathological factors are interconnected and implicated in nerve cell death, clinical symptoms, and disease progression. The formation of extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques is the major pathological hallmark of AD and Aβ has been suggested to be a critical inducer of AD, driving disease pathogenesis. Exactly how Aβ plaque formation begins and how ongoing plaque deposition proceeds and initiates subsequent neurotoxic mechanisms is not well understood.

Health screening clinic to reduce absenteeism and presenteeism among NHS Staff: eTHOS a pilot RCT.

Background: Staff sickness absenteeism and presenteeism (attending work while unwell) incur high costs to the NHS, are associated with adverse patient outcomes and have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The main causes are mental and musculoskeletal ill health with cardiovascular risk factors common.

Objectives: To undertake a feasibility study to inform the design of a definitive randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a health screening clinic in reducing absenteeism and presenteeism amongst the National Health Service staff.

The Impact of Prescription Time Limits on Phosphate Administration in the Intensive Care Unit: A Before-After Quality Improvement Study.

(1) Background: We aim to examine and improve phosphate prescribing as part of a quality assurance program by examining the change in the proportion of patients receiving phosphate with normal or high preceding serum phosphate concentrations before and after the introduction of the 24 h time limit to default phosphate prescription. (2) Methods: This was a quality assurance study conducted across three Australian adult intensive care units (ICUs). All adult patients with ICU lengths of stay greater than or equal to 48 h who had their serum phosphate concentrations measured were included.

Epidemiology of biliary tract-associated bloodstream infections and adequacy of empiric therapy: an Australian population-based study.

Purpose: Although the biliary tract is a common source of invasive infections, the epidemiology of cholangitis- and cholecystitis-associated bloodstream infection (BSI) is not well defined. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, clinical determinants, microbiology of biliary tract-associated BSI, and predicted adequacy of common empiric therapy regimens.

Methods: All biliary tract-associated BSI in Queensland during 2000-2019 were identified using state-wide data sources.

Harvesting and amplifying gene cassettes confers cross-resistance to critically important antibiotics.

Amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam are frequent antibiotic choices to treat bloodstream infection, which is commonly fatal and most often caused by bacteria from the family Enterobacterales. Here we show that two gene cassettes located side-by-side in and ancestral integron similar to In37 have been "harvested" by insertion sequence IS26 as a transposon that is widely disseminated among the Enterobacterales. This transposon encodes the enzymes AAC(6')-Ib-cr and OXA-1, reported, respectively, as amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam resistance mechanisms.

An integrated spatio-temporal view of riverine biodiversity using environmental DNA metabarcoding.

Anthropogenically forced changes in global freshwater biodiversity demand more efficient monitoring approaches. Consequently, environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is enabling ecosystem-scale biodiversity assessment, yet the appropriate spatio-temporal resolution of robust biodiversity assessment remains ambiguous. Here, using intensive, spatio-temporal eDNA sampling across space (five rivers in Europe and North America, with an upper range of 20-35 km between samples), time (19 timepoints between 2017 and 2018) and environmental conditions (river flow, pH, conductivity, temperature and rainfall), we characterise the resolution at which information on diversity across the animal kingdom can be gathered from rivers using eDNA.

Proteus species bloodstream infections: Comparative epidemiology of three species.

Background: Although Proteus species are occasional causes of serious infections, their epidemiology has not been well defined. The objective was to describe the overall and species-specific occurrence and determinants of Proteus species bloodstream infection (BSI) in a large Australian population.

Methods: All Queensland residents with Proteus species BSI identified within the publicly funded healthcare system between 2000 and 2019 were included.