Influence of donor point modifications on the assembly of chalcogen-bonded organic frameworks.

Incremental, single-atom substitutions of Se-based chalcogen bond (Ch-bond) donors with stronger donating Te centers were implemented in two new triptycene tris(1,2,5-chalcogenadiazole) tectons. The appreciably more favorable Ch-bonding ability of the Te-based donors promotes assembly of low-density networks and more stable Ch-bonded organic frameworks (ChOFs).

A Porous Chalcogen-Bonded Organic Framework.

The manner of bonding between constituent atoms or molecules invariably influences the properties of materials. Perhaps no material family is more emblematic of this than porous frameworks, wherein the namesake modes of connectivity give rise to discrete subclasses with unique collections of properties. However, established framework classes often display offsetting advantages and disadvantages for a given application.

Emergency siren detection technology and hearing impairment: a systematized literature review.

Purpose: We aimed to identify evidence supporting emergency vehicle technology in out-of-vehicle systems and in-vehicle-systems that can be used by people with hearing impairment.

Methods: We conducted a systematized review to determine what technologies, at any readiness level, are currently being developed in the area of emergency vehicle detection technology. The studies and websites of technologies for emergency vehicles that are currently available to the general public were identified by searching in one electronic database, Scopus and grey literature using Google, respectively.

Naphthalene Bis(4,8-diamino-1,5-dicarboxyl)amide Building Block for Semiconducting Polymers.

We report a new naphthalene bis(4,8-diamino-1,5-dicarboxyl)amide (NBA) building block for polymeric semiconductors. Computational modeling suggests that regio-connectivity at the 2,6- or 3,7-NBA positions strongly modulates polymer backbone torsion and, therefore, intramolecular π-conjugation and aggregation. Optical, electrochemical, and X-ray diffraction characterization of 3,7- and 2,6-dithienyl-substituted NBA molecules and corresponding isomeric NBA-bithiophene copolymers P1 and P2, respectively, reveals the key role of regio-connectivity.

Conjugated polymer energy level shifts in lithium-ion battery electrolytes.

The ionization potentials (IPs) and electron affinities (EAs) of widely used conjugated polymers are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in conventional electrochemical and lithium-ion battery media, and also by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) in vacuo. By comparing the data obtained in the different systems, it is found that the IPs of the conjugated polymer films determined by conventional CV (IPC) can be correlated with UPS-measured HOMO energy levels (EH,UPS) by the relationship EH,UPS = (1.14 ± 0.

First Report of Tomato yellow spot virus Infecting Leonurus sibiricus in Brazil.

In Brazil, serious epidemics of begomovirus diseases have been successively reported since the mid-90s, among them those caused by Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV) (1). In July 2009 and October 2010, high incidences (40 to 60%) of plants of the weed Leonurus sibiricus (Lamiaceae) exhibiting symptoms of yellow leaf mosaic were found near soybean (Glycine max) crops within the municipalities of Marechal Cândido Rondon and Tapejara, in the states of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul. Leaves from 21 symptomatic and seven asymptomatic L.

Contamination of hands with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after contact with environmental surfaces and after contact with the skin of colonized patients.

In a study of 40 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers, hand contamination was equally likely after contact with commonly examined skin sites and commonly touched environmental surfaces in patient rooms (40% vs 45%). These findings suggest that contaminated surfaces may be an important source of MRSA transmission.

A Sida sp. Is a New Host for "Candidatus Phytoplasma brasiliense" in Brazil.

Sida is a genus of flowering herbs in the family Malvaceae, which includes several species that are weeds in Brazil. Plants of a Sida sp. exhibiting symptoms characterized by stunting, chlorosis, small leaves, and witches'-broom, indicative of infection by phytoplasmas, were found in a field previously cultivated with tomato, located in the region of Campinas, State of São Paulo, in December 2008.

Primary care for refugees.

Over the past decade, at least 600,000 refugees from more than 60 different countries have been resettled in the United States. The personal history of a refugee is often marked by physical and emotional trauma. Although refugees come from many different countries and cultures, their shared pattern of experiences allows for some generalizations to be made about their health care needs and challenges.

Identification by computer-simulated RFLP of phytoplasmas associated with eggplant giant calyx representative of two subgroups, a lineage of 16SrIII-J and the new subgroup 16SrIII-U.

Symptoms resembling giant calyx, a graft-transmissible disease, were observed on 1-5 % of eggplant (aubergine; Solanum melongena L.) plants in production fields in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Phytoplasmas were detected in 12 of 12 samples from symptomatic plants that were analysed by a nested PCR assay employing 16S rRNA gene primers R16mF2/R16mR1 followed by R16F2n/R16R2.

Skin and environmental contamination with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among carriers identified clinically versus through active surveillance.

In a prospective study involving 115 patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nares carriage, we found that skin and environmental contamination with methicillin-resistant S. aureus was as likely among individuals whose S. aureus carriage was identified only through active surveillance as it was among those individuals whose S.

What is on that keyboard? Detecting hidden environmental reservoirs of Clostridium difficile during an outbreak associated with North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1 strains.

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that environmental surfaces in the rooms of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) are often contaminated with spores. However, less information is available regarding the frequency of contamination of environmental surfaces outside of CDI isolation rooms.

Methods: We performed a point-prevalence culture survey for C difficile in rooms of patients not in isolation for CDI, in physician and nurse work areas, and on portable equipment, including pulse oximetry devices, electrocardiogram machines, mobile computers, and medication distribution carts.

Evaluation of patient participation in a patient empowerment initiative to improve hand hygiene practices in a Veterans Affairs medical center.

Background: In patient empowerment initiatives, patients are encouraged to ask caregivers if they have washed their hands. However, relatively little is known about the willingness of patients to participate in such initiatives.

Methods: Patients were presented with a "Partners in Your Care" script asking them to remind health care workers to wash their hands, and follow-up interviews were conducted.

Tumor-associated gene expression in disseminated tumor cells correlates with disease progression and tumor stage in colorectal cancer.

Background: A possible correlation of disease progression and tumor stage in colorectal cancer patients with tumor-associated gene expression in disseminated tumor cells (DTC) was evaluated. Detection of DTC and expression of tumor-associated genes might be of clinical value with respect to individual patient prognosis, monitoring of therapy and as a surrogate tumor staging parameter.

Patients And Methods: In a multicenter study, a total of 196 peripheral blood samples were collected from 76 patients with tumor stage Dukes' A to D and analyzed using a DTC detection assay consisting of immunomagnetic selection and expression analysis of the tumor-associated genes CEA, EGFR and GA733-2.

Reduction of Clostridium Difficile and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus contamination of environmental surfaces after an intervention to improve cleaning methods.

Background: Contaminated environmental surfaces may play an important role in transmission of some healthcare-associated pathogens. In this study, we assessed the adequacy of cleaning practices in rooms of patients with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization or infection and examined whether an intervention would result in improved decontamination of surfaces.

Methods: During a 6-week period, we cultured commonly touched surfaces (i.

Orbital complexity, short-time Lyapunov exponents, and phase space transport in time-independent Hamiltonian systems.

This paper compares two alternative characterizations of chaotic orbit segments, one based on the complexity of their Fourier spectra, as probed by the number of frequencies n(k) required to capture a fixed fraction k of the total power, and the other based on the computed values of short-time Lyapunov exponents chi. An analysis of orbit ensembles evolved in several different two- and three-dimensional potentials reveals that there is a strong, roughly linear correlation between these alternative characterizations, and that computed distributions of complexities, N[n(k)] and short-time chi, N[chi] often assume similar shapes. This corroborates the intuition that chaotic segments which are especially unstable should have Fourier spectra with particularly broad-band power.

[Occupational rehabilitation of former drug addicts--experiences of the Isney Stephanuswerk].

Rehabilitees who have completed substance withdrawal treatment are among the special target groups for vocational rehabilitation measures. It in particular is at the transition from the primarily medically focussed phase of substance withdrawal treatment into the phase of vocational rehabilitation that this population has to cope with substantial adjustment problems, with the consequence of frequent, and occasionally massive, relapse into substance abuse, and hence not only temporary interruption of the vocational rehabilitation measure. From the long years of experience in working with this population at the Stephanuswerk Isny rehabilitation centre, an absolute need has emerged to offer particularly intensive social-educational and psychological follow-along supports during the phase of vocational rehabilitation.

Constitutively migrating malignant rat liver epithelial cells produce a migration-stimulating activity for epithelial cells (eMSA).

Constitutively migrating malignant rat liver epithelial cells obtained by Ha ras transformation exhibit a fibroblastoid phenotype in vitro. The cells deposit the anti-adhesive extracellular matrix (ECM) protein tenascin into their ECM migration tracks. The serum-free medium conditioned by these constitutively migrating cells contains an epithelial migration-stimulating activity (eMSA) that is neither cell-type-, nor species-specific.

Cloning and expression of rat cDNA encoding corticosteroid 11 beta-dehydrogenase.

Corticosteroid 11 beta-dehydrogenase (11-DH) catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. Absence of 11-DH activity leads to a potentially fatal form of childhood hypertension termed apparent mineralocorticoid excess. As a first step in elucidating the molecular basis of this disorder, we isolated and characterized a rat cDNA clone encoding 11-DH.

The nature of the defect in familial male pseudohermaphroditism in Arabs of Gaza.

Studies in six Arab individuals from Gaza with familial male pseudohermaphroditism (MPH) due to 17-ketoreductase deficiency revealed several metabolic aberrations associated with the disorder. Plasma LH, FSH, testosterone, and androstenedione concentrations were low in the two prepubertal patients. After hCG administration plasma androstenedione increased markedly.

AIDS awareness study.

The Center for Disease Control was given the responsibility for developing and disseminating information about AIDS. To that end, the Center retained Ogilvy & Mather Advertising to prepare an extensive public service campaign on the subject. In order to develop the most effective communication, research was needed to establish the level of public awareness and to explore attitudes toward this disease.