Evaluation of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on finishing beef steer growth performance, skeletal muscle cellular response, and carcass characteristics.

This study elucidated the effects of dosage-dependent guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on growth performance, muscle responses, and carcass characteristics in finishing beef steers. Thirty crossbred Red Angus beef steers (395 ± 28.09 kg) were randomly assigned one of three treatments during a 146-d feedlot study: basal diet without GAA supplementation (CONTROL), 1g of GAA per 100 kg of body weight (BW) daily (LOWGAA), and 2 g of GAA per 100 kg of BW daily (HIGHGAA).

Demographic fluctuations in bloodstream lineages configure the mobile gene pool and antimicrobial resistance.

in the bloodstream causes high morbidity and mortality, exacerbated by the spread of multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant (MRSA). We aimed to characterize the circulating lineages of from bloodstream infections and the contribution of individual lineages to resistance over time. Here, we generated 852 high-quality short-read draft genome sequences of isolates from patient blood cultures in a single hospital from 2010 to 2022.

Phosphatidylinositolmannoside vaccination induces lipid-specific Th1-responses and partially protects guinea pigs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge.

The concept of donor-unrestricted T cells (DURTs) comprises a heterogeneity of lymphoid cells that respond to an abundance of unconventional epitopes in a non-MHC-restricted manner. Vaccinologists strive to harness this so far underexplored branch of the immune system for new vaccines against tuberculosis. A particular division of DURTs are T cells that recognize their cognate lipid antigen in the context of CD1-molecules.

Temperature Fluctuations Modulate Molecular Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle and Influence Growth Potential in Beef Steers.

Our investigation elucidated the effects of severe temperature fluctuations on cellular and physiological responses in beef cattle. Eighteen Red Angus beef steers with an average body weight of 351 ± 24.5 kg were divided into three treatment groups: 1) Control (CON), exposed to a temperature-humidity index (THI) of 42 for 6 h without any temperature changes; 2) Transport (TP), subjected to a one-mile trailer trip with a THI of 42 for 6 h; and 3) Temperature swing (TS), exposed to a one-mile trailer trip with a THI shift from 42 to 72-75 for 3 h.

Effects of a Lactobacillus fermentation product on the fecal characteristics, fecal microbial populations, immune function, and stress markers of adult dogs.

The objective of this study was to measure the effects of a Lactobacillus fermentation product (LBFP) on fecal characteristics and microbiota, blood biomarkers, immune function, and serum oxidative stress markers of adult dogs. Thirty adult beagle dogs [23 M, 7 F; mean age = 8.47 ± 2.

Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of the Benzothiazinone BTZ-043 against Tuberculous Mycobacteria inside Granulomas in the Guinea Pig Model.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the world's leading cause of mortality from a single bacterial pathogen. With increasing frequency, emergence of drug-resistant mycobacteria leads to failures of standard TB treatment regimens. Therefore, new anti-TB drugs are urgently required.

Genome Evolution of Invasive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Americas.

Staphylococcus aureus causes a variety of debilitating and life-threatening diseases, and thus remains a challenging global health threat. S. aureus is remarkably diverse, yet only a minority of methicillin-resistant S.

Look After Yourself: Students Consistently Showing High Resilience Engaged in More Self-Care and Proved More Resilient During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted severe restrictions on everyday life to curb the spread of infections. For example, teaching at universities has been switched to an online format, reducing students' opportunities for exchange, and social interaction. Consequently, their self-reported mental health has significantly decreased and there is a pressing need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms-ideally considering not only data collected during the pandemic, but also before.

Genomic epidemiology of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus from bloodstream infections.

Background: Bloodstream infections due to Staphylococcus aureus cause significant patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. Of major concern is the emergence and spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in bloodstream infections, which are associated with therapeutic failure and increased mortality.

Lentinan administration alleviates diarrhea of rotavirus-infected weaned pigs via regulating intestinal immunity.

Background: Lentinan (LNT) may regulate many important physiological functions of human and animals. This study aimed to verify whether LNT administration could relieve diarrhea via improving gut immunity in rotavirus (RV)-challenged weaned pigs.

Methods: Twenty-eight weaned pigs were randomly fed 2 diets containing 0 or 84 mg/kg LNT product for 19 d (n = 14).

Animal models for human group 1 CD1 protein function.

The CD1 antigen presenting system is evolutionary conserved and found in mammals, birds and reptiles. Humans express five isoforms, of which CD1a, CD1b and CD1c represent the group 1 CD1-molecules. They are recognized by T cells that express diverse αβ-T cell receptors.

Novel approach to visualize the inter-dependencies between maternal sensitization, breast milk immune components and human milk oligosaccharides in the LIFE Child cohort.

Background: Numerous studies have shown that specific components of breast milk, considered separately, are associated with disease status in the mother or the child using univariate analyses. However, very few studies have considered multivariate analysis approaches to evaluate the relationship between multiple breast milk components simultaneously.

Aim: Here we aimed at visualizing breast milk component complex interactions in the context of the allergy status of the mother or the child.

A Rapid Chemiluminescence Assay for Measurement of Folate in Small Volumes of Breast Milk.

Early life exposure to folate has long lasting effects on development and health. Newborns obtain part of their folate from maternal milk. Studies on health effects of milk folate require rapid, affordable and reliable measurements in large numbers of samples from cohort studies.

Effect of Strains on Intestinal Barrier Function and Inflammatory Response.

Strong tight junctions and curtailed inflammatory responses under stressful conditions are key for optimal digestive health. -based probiotics are increasingly being used to maintain broilers' health, but their mode of action is often not well-defined. In the present study we used Caco-2 cells as a model for intestinal epithelia and assessed the effect of three -based probiotics on intestinal barrier function and intestinal inflammation.

Dietary medium-chain triglycerides promote oral allergic sensitization and orally induced anaphylaxis to peanut protein in mice.

Background: The prevalence of peanut allergies is increasing. Peanuts and many other allergen sources contain significant amounts of triglycerides, which affect absorption of antigens but have unknown effects on sensitization and anaphylaxis. We recently reported that dietary medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which bypass mesenteric lymph and directly enter portal blood, reduce intestinal antigen absorption into blood compared with long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), which stimulate mesenteric lymph flow and are absorbed in chylomicrons through mesenteric lymph.

Elevated IgG levels against specific bacterial antigens in obese patients with diabetes and in mice with diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance.

High fat diets increase the risk for insulin resistance by promoting inflammation. The cause of inflammation is unclear, but germfree mouse studies have implicated commensal gut bacteria. We tested whether diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and inflammation are associated with anti-bacterial IgG.

What do deaf high school students know about HIV?

Deaf adolescents who use American Sign Language (ASL) as their main communication mode are, like their hearing age peers, at risk for acquiring HIV. Many sources of HIV information (radio and television) are not accessible to these adolescents. Little is known about HIV knowledge base and risk behaviors of this group.

T-lymphocyte responses to intestinally absorbed antigens can contribute to adipose tissue inflammation and glucose intolerance during high fat feeding.

Background: Obesity is associated with inflammation of visceral adipose tissues, which increases the risk for insulin resistance. Animal models suggest that T-lymphocyte infiltration is an important early step, although it is unclear why these cells are attracted. We have recently demonstrated that dietary triglycerides, major components of high fat diets, promote intestinal absorption of a protein antigen (ovalbumin, "OVA").

Intestinal epithelial serum amyloid A modulates bacterial growth in vitro and pro-inflammatory responses in mouse experimental colitis.

Background: Serum Amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute phase protein of unknown function. SAA is mostly expressed in the liver, but also in other tissues including the intestinal epithelium. SAA reportedly has anti-bacterial effects, and because inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) result from a breakdown in homeostatic interactions between intestinal epithelia and bacteria, we hypothesized that SAA is protective during experimental colitis.

Chylomicrons promote intestinal absorption and systemic dissemination of dietary antigen (ovalbumin) in mice.

Background: A small fraction of dietary protein survives enzymatic degradation and is absorbed in potentially antigenic form. This can trigger inflammatory responses in patients with celiac disease or food allergies, but typically induces systemic immunological tolerance (oral tolerance). At present it is not clear how dietary antigens are absorbed.

Mammalian Wnt3a is released on lipoprotein particles.

Little is known about the release and intercellular transport of Wnt proteins from mammalian cells. Lipoproteins may act as carriers for the intercellular movement and gradient formation of the lipid-linked morphogens Wingless and Hedgehog in Drosophila. To investigate whether such a mechanism can occur in mammals, we have studied Wnt release in cultured mammalian cells.

Chylomicrons promote intestinal absorption of lipopolysaccharides.

Recent data suggest that dietary fat promotes intestinal absorption of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the gut microflora, which might contribute to various inflammatory disorders. The mechanism of fat-induced LPS absorption is unclear, however. Intestinal-epithelial cells can internalize LPS from the apical surface and transport LPS to the Golgi.

Do deaf and hard of hearing youth need antitobacco education?

Little research has focused on tobacco use among deaf and hard of hearing youth. Findings are reported from a first-ever tobacco-related survey, completed by 226 California middle and high school students using either a written questionnaire or the Interactive Video Questionnaire, an interactive multimedia computer video technology. Rates for current smoking (3.

Research methods with disabled populations.

Although social work and related fields need more research involving people with disabilities, such studies can pose special challenges due to lack of understanding of disability issues, the disempowerment and invisibility of many who are disabled, and communication barriers. This article discusses ways of eliminating bias and maintaining ethical safeguards when designing and conducting research on people with disabilities. Participatory action research, which engages those studied in the design and conduct of research, is discussed as a model, as is the use of qualitative methods.