Itraconazole alters the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin to a greater extent than either cerivastatin or pravastatin.

Background: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are metabolized by distinct pathways that may alter the extent of drug-drug interactions. Cerivastatin is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 and CYP2C8. Atorvastatin is metabolized solely by CYP3A4, and pravastatin metabolism is not well defined.

Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Irbesartan in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertension.

BACKGROUND: The pharmacodynamics (plasma angiotensin II [AII], plasma renin activity [PRA], renal function, blood pressure [BP], urinary excretion of major metabolites of prostacyclin [PGI(2)-M], and thromboxane A(2) [TXA(2)-M]) and pharmacokinetics of irbesartan were assessed in hypertensive patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-four white patients with seated diastolic blood pressure 95 to 110 mmHg were randomized to double-blind irbesartan 300 mg or placebo once daily for 4 weeks, following a placebo lead-in. Irbesartan-treated patients had significantly greater 24-hour area under the curve values for mean change from baseline in AII and PRA versus placebo-treated patients on day B15 (AII [pg |mZ h/mL]: 261 +/- 515 vs 12 +/- 51; PRA [(ng/mL/h); h]:74 +/-162 vs -2 +/-14; P values >.

Effect of MK-386, a novel inhibitor of type 1 5 alpha-reductase, alone and in combination with finasteride, on serum dihydrotestosterone concentrations in men.

Two isozymes (types 1 and 2) of 5 alpha-reductase (5 alpha R; EC 1.3.99.

Pharmacodynamics and dose-response relationship of famotidine: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.

The dose-response relationship of oral famotidine at doses up to 10 mg was evaluated in 10 healthy male subjects to assess the extent and duration of inhibition of meal-stimulated intragastric acid secretion. Each subject received single oral administrations of famotidine 0.5, 2.

Comparative absorption of atropine from a metered-dose inhaler and an intramuscular injection.

The inhalation of atropine sulfate from a pressurized metered-dose inhaler was investigated in a nonrandomized four-period rising-dose study. Eight healthy, nonsmoking subjects received 1.7, 3.

Effects of aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate antacids on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin.

This study was designed to determine the effects of an aluminum hydroxide antacid and a calcium carbonate antacid on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin (Cipro). Cipro (750 mg) was administered orally to 12 healthy volunteers in a three-way randomized crossover design. The three treatments included Cipro alone, four 850-mg calcium carbonate tablets taken 5 min before Cipro, and three 600-mg aluminum hydroxide tablets taken 5 min before Cipro.

The effect of cirrhosis on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin.

The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin, a carboxyquinolone, was studied after oral administration of the drug to seven patients with biopsy-proved cirrhosis and to seven healthy volunteers. Serum concentrations of ciprofloxacin and its three metabolites--desethylene ciprofloxacin (M1), sulfociprofloxacin (M2), and oxociprofloxacin (M3)--were measured by an HPLC procedure. The pharmacokinetic parameters for ciprofloxacin were not significantly altered in cirrhotic patients.

Comparative absorption of inhaled and intramuscularly administered atropine.

The inhalation of atropine sulfate was investigated in a randomized, 4-period, rising-dose study. Atropine sulfate 2, 4, and 6 mg by inhalation, and atropine free base 1.67 mg (equivalent to 2.

Steady-state pharmacokinetics of nitrendipine in hepatic insufficiency.

As a calcium antagonist, nitrendipine will be used in the treatment of various diseases in patients with hepatic insufficiency, and it is important to know if they require modified dosing schedules. In this study, six patients with biopsy-confirmed cirrhosis and six age/sex-matched normal healthy subjects were given 10 mg nitrendipine as a single dose on day 1 and 10 mg nitrendipine every 12 h from day 3 through the first dose on day 8. Blood levels of nitrendipine were determined to confirm the attainment of steady state and evaluate the pharmacokinetics in each group.