Urinary Proteome and Exosome Analysis Protocol for the Discovery of Respiratory Diseases Biomarkers.

This study aims to develop a protocol for respiratory disease-associated biomarker discovery by combining urine proteome studies with urinary exosome components analysis (i.e., miRNAs).

The Historical Case for a Strong and Diverse Neurology Clerkship Leadership Team.

The role of the clerkship director has evolved significantly over the past century and now requires a diverse range of skills to meet the rigorous standards set by national accrediting bodies such as the Liaison Committee on Medical Education. We conducted a historical exploration, spanning the past 43 years, of the educational practices in the Neurology Department at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. We learned that no entity is responsible for documenting the history of the clerkship.

Preclinical Development of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Hyperthermia Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very challenging disease with a very poor prognosis. It is characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma that hampers drug penetration and limits the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy (CT). As an alternative, the combination of CT with hyperthermia (HT) has been proposed as an innovative treatment modality for PDAC.

Performance of phenomic selection in rice: Effects of population size and genotype-environment interactions on predictive ability.

Phenomic prediction (PP), a novel approach utilizing Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) data, offers an alternative to genomic prediction (GP) for breeding applications. In PP, a hyperspectral relationship matrix replaces the genomic relationship matrix, potentially capturing both additive and non-additive genetic effects. While PP boasts advantages in cost and throughput compared to GP, the factors influencing its accuracy remain unclear and need to be defined.

How to Easily Depolymerize Polyurethane Foam Wastes by Superbase Catalysts in Ionic Liquids Below 100 °C.

This study introduces a novel and sustainable approach using Ionic Liquids (ILs) as a non-innocent solvent that enhances the performance of the basic catalysts to depolymerize polyurethane foam wastes (PUFWs) through hydrolysis, alcoholysis or aminolysis under mild conditions. The system is stable, fully recoverable, and reusable. Hydrolysis of PUFWs can occur in just 2 minutes at 95-98 °C, producing a white polyol that is easily separated and reused in new polyurethane synthesis.

A snapshot of cancer in Chile II: an update on research, strategies and analytical frameworks for equity, innovation and national development.

Introduction: Chile has achieved developed nation status and boasts a life expectancy of 81 + years; however, the healthcare and research systems are unprepared for the social and economic burden of cancer. One decade ago, the authors put forward a comprehensive analysis of cancer infrastructure, together with a series of suggestions on research orientated political policy.

Objectives: Provide an update and comment on policy, infrastructure, gender equality, stakeholder participation and new challenges in national oncology.

Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 for Older Persons (SCORE2-OP): 10 years risk validation, clinical utility and potential improvement.

Aims: European Systematic Coronary Risk Assessment 2 for Older Persons (SCORE2-OP) model has shown modest performance when externally validated in selected cohorts. We aim to investigate its predictive performance and clinical utility for 10-years cardiovascular (CV) risk in an unbiased and representative cohort of older people of a low CV risk country. Furthermore, we explore whether other clinical or echocardiographic features could improve its performance.

Results of the proficiency test for the Ka CMC of the SSDL-ININ Mexico, for diagnostic radiology IEC 61267:2005 and radiation protection ISO 4037:2019 X-ray beam qualities.

The present work describes the results for the bilateral comparison between the Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (SSDL-ININ), Mexico, and the pilot laboratory, the Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones (SSDL-CPHR), Cuba, for the realization of the air kerma (${\boldsymbol{K}}_{\boldsymbol{a}}$) quantity to: (i) diagnostic X-ray (DXR) IEC 61267:2005 beam qualities: RQR 5 RQR 9, RQT 8, and RQT 9 and (ii) radiation protection (RP) ISO 4037:2019 X-ray beam qualities: N60, N100, and W60, as well S-Cs for gamma radiation. The matched and characterized reference fields are realized at SSDL-ININ with a Toshiba E7252FX X-ray tube. In all cases, the ${\boldsymbol{K}}_{\boldsymbol{a}}$ measurements are traceable to PTB, except for S-Cs, traceable to ININ.

scTrends: A living review of commercial single-cell and spatial 'omic technologies.

Understanding the rapidly evolving landscape of single-cell and spatial omic technologies is crucial for advancing biomedical research and drug development. We provide a living review of both mature and emerging commercial platforms, highlighting key methodologies and trends shaping the field. This review spans from foundational single-cell technologies such as microfluidics and plate-based methods to newer approaches like combinatorial indexing; on the spatial side, we consider next-generation sequencing and imaging-based spatial transcriptomics.

Assessing the effect of repeat positron emission tomography imaging on treatment response and cardiovascular outcomes among a homogenously treated cohort of patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis.

Background: Serial positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is routinely used to monitor treatment response in patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of therapy in CS. However, there are no data available on the cardiovascular outcomes and optimal timing interval to obtain repeat PET while factoring in the influence of corticosteroid taper in relation to surveillance imaging.

Single-cell integration reveals metaplasia in inflammatory gut diseases.

The gastrointestinal tract is a multi-organ system crucial for efficient nutrient uptake and barrier immunity. Advances in genomics and a surge in gastrointestinal diseases has fuelled efforts to catalogue cells constituting gastrointestinal tissues in health and disease. Here we present systematic integration of 25 single-cell RNA sequencing datasets spanning the entire healthy gastrointestinal tract in development and in adulthood.

A Core set of patient-reported outcome measures to measure quality of life in obesity treatment research.

The lack of standardization in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has made measurement and comparison of quality of life (QoL) outcomes in research focused on obesity treatment challenging. This study reports on the results of the second and third global multidisciplinary Standardizing Quality of life measures in Obesity Treatment (S.Q.

Education Research: Introduction of a Standardized Communication Card to Facilitate Patient-as-Teacher Training for Medical Students in the Neurology Clerkship.

Background And Objectives: Enhanced communication has been recognized as an effective strategy to improve patient safety and care quality. While some communication skills can be taught in traditional didactic settings, learning from patient encounters is critical. Currently, patients are becoming increasingly involved as teachers for medical students within both the clinical and classroom setting.

Education Research: Evaluating Medical Student Learning Preference and Its Relationship to Clerkship Satisfaction.

Background And Objectives: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the Association of American Medical Colleges' commitment to competency-based medical education (CBME) has shifted the medical education landscape. Education methods conducive to CBME are learner-centered and give educators the opportunity to develop a more personalized approach to curricular development and delivery. By understanding learning preferences, educators are better positioned to respond to the changing needs of students.

Mexican Clinical Practice Guidelines for Adult Overweight and Obesity Management.

Purpose: To develop Mexico's first methodologically rigorous clinical practice guideline for the management of adult overweight and obesity. The target audiences are interdisciplinary healthcare professionals across healthcare systems who are the first point of contact for patients with obesity in Mexico, patients, and health system decision makers.

Recent Findings: A review of recent international obesity clinical practice guidelines and an expert consensus process identified: i) common recommendations appropriate for implementation in Mexico and ii) knowledge gaps requiring the formulation of new recommendations.

Association Between Antipsychotic Medication Use and Dementia Risk in Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder.

Objective: To determine the association between antipsychotic prescriptions and incident dementia in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, Cox Proportional hazard models estimated the association between antipsychotic prescriptions and incident dementia in participants ≥50 years of age with a schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder diagnosis over 12 years. Confounding was controlled by E-balance.

Exploring single-mode VCSEL wavelength tuning for low-cost 3D optical coherence tomography and OCT angiography.

Low-cost optical coherence tomography has recently emerged as a growing field due to the increased need for general availability of OCT devices outside of the clinics. One of the main obstacles in creating low-cost SS-OCT systems is the price of the laser. In this work, we study the influence of different tuning parameters (e.

Perceived illness-related uncertainty among patients with mid-stage relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have to deal with a variable disease trajectory often associated with disability and productivity loss.

Objective: This study aimed to assess illness-related uncertainty and associated correlates in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) beyond the near diagnosis phase.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, non-interventional study including patients diagnosed with RRMS (2017 revised McDonald criteria) and a disease duration of 3 to 8 years.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure effects on trajectories of maternal and adolescent mental health.

Background: Parental psychological distress is a well-known risk factor for developmental psychopathology, with longer term parental distress associated with worse youth mental health. Neurotoxicant exposure during pregnancy is a risk factor for both poor maternal and youth mental health. The impact of one class of pollutant, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), on long-term trajectories of maternal distress and youth self-reported mental health symptoms in adolescence has been understudied.

Correlation Between Skeletal Muscle Mass and Fat-Free Mass in Infants Born Very Preterm.

Assessing growth quality in preterm infants present challenges, particularly with the use of the standard fat-free mass measurement. We report here a moderate correlation between indirect skeletal muscle mass measurements using the D3-creatine dilution method and fat-free mass measured with air-displacement plethysmography. Skeletal muscle mass could serve as an indicator of growth quality.

Does serum neurofilament light chain measurement influence therapeutic decisions in multiple sclerosis?

Background: The assessment of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) concentration in multiple sclerosis (MS) is a useful tool for predicting clinical outcomes and assessing treatment response. However, its use in clinical practice is still limited. We aimed to assess how measurement of sNfL influences neurologists' treatment decisions in MS.