Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Early Childhood Caries.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common noncommunicable childhood disease-an important health problem with known environmental and social/behavioral influences lacking consensus genetic risk loci. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a genome-wide association study of ECC in a multiancestry population of U.S.

The influence of early childhood education and care on the relation between early-life social adversity and children's mental health in the environmental influences for Child Health Outcomes Program.

Early adversity increases risk for child mental health difficulties. Stressors in the home environment (e.g.

Increase in Blood Eosinophil Count Over Time and Sputum IL8 are Associated with FEV Decline in Asthma.

Background: Asthma is associated with accelerated rate of FEV decline.

Objective: To determine predictive factors associated with accelerated FEV decline in adult asthma and evaluate sputum cytokines as potential biomarkers for airflow decline.

Methods: We recruited 125 asthmatics evaluated at the asthma clinic of Liège and reevaluated them at least 5 years later.

Mutation burden and anti-PD-1 outcomes are not universally associated with immune cell infiltration or lymphoid activation.

Analysis of 27,810 patients with advanced cancers treated with anti-PD-1/L1 therapies shows that immune gene signatures or immune cell infiltration is not universally associated with mutation burden or long-term survivors after immunotherapies across cancer entities. Thus, immunological stratification of tumors has limited bearing on the immunogenicity of tumors or immunotherapy outcomes.

Association of Changes in Cerebral and Hypothalamic Structure With Sleep Dysfunction in Patients With Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Sleep dysfunction is common in patients with neurodegenerative disorders; however, its neural underpinnings remain poorly characterized in genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Hypothalamic nuclei important for sleep regulation may be related to this dysfunction. Thus, we examined changes in hypothalamic structure across the lifespan in patients with genetic FTD and whether these changes related to sleep dysfunction.

Association of Initial Side of Brain Atrophy With Clinical Features and Disease Progression in Patients With Frontotemporal Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Pathogenic variants in the gene cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD-) with marked brain asymmetry. This study aims to assess whether the disease progression of FTD- depends on the initial side of the atrophy. We also investigated the potential use of brain asymmetry as a biomarker of the disease.

One-stage exchange strategy with extensive debridement for chronic periprosthetic joint infection following total knee arthroplasty is associated with a low relapse rate in non-selected patients: a prospective single-center analysis.

Purpose: This prospective clinical cohort was undertaken to determine the long-term risks of reinfection and all-cause aseptic failure after 1-stage exchange total knee arthroplasties (TKA) in a large series of consecutive patients with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following TKA.

Hypothesis: One-stage exchange for chronic PJI is an effective strategy, even in a non-selected population.

Patients And Methods: Non-selected patients (152 with 154 PJI) undergoing 1-stage-exchange TKA for PJI (January 2003-August 2015) were prospectively included and monitored for ≥2 years.

Frequency and Longitudinal Course of Behavioral and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Participants With Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms are frequent in patients with genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We aimed to describe behavioral and neuropsychiatric phenotypes in genetic FTD, quantify their temporal association, and investigate their regional association with brain atrophy.

Methods: We analyzed data of pathogenic variant carriers in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (), progranulin (), or microtubule-associated protein tau () gene from the Genetic Frontotemporal dementia Initiative cohort study that enrolls both symptomatic pathogenic variant carriers and first-degree relatives of known carriers.

Predictors of Care Home Admission and Survival Rate in Patients With Syndromes Associated With Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration in Europe.

Background And Objectives: Data on care home admission and survival rates of patients with syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are limited. However, their estimation is essential to plan trials and assess the efficacy of intervention. Population-based registers provide unique samples for this estimate.

ACAD10 and ACAD11 allow entry of 4-hydroxy fatty acids into β-oxidation.

Hydroxylated fatty acids are important intermediates in lipid metabolism and signaling. Surprisingly, the metabolism of 4-hydroxy fatty acids remains largely unexplored. We found that both ACAD10 and ACAD11 unite two enzymatic activities to introduce these metabolites into mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation, respectively.

Predictors of Improvement after Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Insights from the Cognitive Training and Neuroplasticity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Trial.

Objective: Cognitive training may benefit older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the prognostic factors are not well-established.

Methods: This study analyzed data from a 78-week trial with 107 participants with MCI, comparing computerized cognitive training (CCT) and computerized crossword puzzle training (CPT). Outcomes were changes in cognitive and functional measures from baseline.

Impact of hormone receptor status and tumor subtypes of breast cancer in young BRCA carriers.

Background: Hormone receptor expression is a known positive prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer; however, limited evidence exists on its prognostic impact on prognosis of young patients harboring a pathogenic variant (PV) in the BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 genes.

Patients And Methods: This international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included young patients (aged ≤40 years) diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and harboring germline PVs in BRCA genes. We investigated the impact of hormone receptor status on clinical behavior and outcomes of breast cancer.

Integrating Genetic and Transcriptomic Data to Identify Genes Underlying Obesity Risk Loci.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous body mass index (BMI) loci. However, most underlying mechanisms from risk locus to BMI remain unknown. Leveraging omics data through integrative analyses could provide more comprehensive views of biological pathways on BMI.

'Practice what you preach'. Perspectives on the involvement of people with dementia and carers in community-based dementia friendly initiatives, a qualitative study.

Introduction: People with dementia and their carers experience social stigma and often refrain from social participation. Significant improvement might be achieved by creating Dementia Friendly communities (DFCs) for which dementia friendly initiatives (DFIs) are needed. DFIs are developed by a variation of stakeholders.

Androgen receptor activity inversely correlates with immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy response across multiple cancer lineages.

There is now increasing recognition of the important role of androgen receptor (AR) in modulating immune function. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the effects of AR activity on cancer immunity, we employed a computational approach to profile AR activity in 33 human tumor types using RNA-Seq datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Our pan-cancer analysis revealed that the genes most negatively correlated with AR activity across cancers are involved in active immune system processes.

Extending the phenotypic spectrum assessed by the CDR plus NACC FTLD in genetic frontotemporal dementia.

Introduction: We aimed to expand the range of the frontotemporal dementia (FTD) phenotypes assessed by the Clinical Dementia Rating Dementia Staging Instrument plus National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Behavior and Language Domains (CDR plus NACC FTLD).

Methods: Neuropsychiatric and motor domains were added to the standard CDR plus NACC FTLD generating a new CDR plus NACC FTLD-NM scale. This was assessed in 522 mutation carriers and 310 mutation-negative controls from the Genetic Frontotemporal dementia Initiative (GENFI).

Left Atrial Strain Predicts Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation Detected by Long-term Continuous Monitoring in Elderly High-Risk Individuals.

Background: Left atrial (LA) speckle tracking provides detailed information on atrial function. Its utility for predicting subclinical atrial fibrillation (SCAF) is unclear. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether LA strain measures could predict SCAF detected by long-term continuous rhythm monitoring.