Next-generation sequencing reveals that miR-16-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-451a, and miR-25-3p cargo in plasma extracellular vesicles differentiates sedentary young males from athletes.

A sedentary lifestyle and Olympic participation are contrary risk factors for global mortality and incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Extracellular vesicle miRNAs have been described to respond to exercise. No molecular characterization of young male sedentary people versus athletes is available; so, our aim was to identify the extracellular vesicle miRNA profile of chronically trained young endurance and resistance male athletes compared to their sedentary counterparts.

Neotropics as a Cradle for Adaptive Radiations.

Neotropical ecosystems are renowned for numerous examples of adaptive radiation in both plants and animals resulting in high levels of biodiversity and endemism. However, we still lack a comprehensive review of the abiotic and biotic factors that contribute to these adaptive radiations. To fill this gap, we delve into the geological history of the region, including the role of tectonic events such as the Andean uplift, the formation of the Isthmus of Panama, and the emergence of the Guiana and Brazilian Shields.

The Association between Dietary Pattern, Obesity, and Glycemic Control of Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Aims: To evaluate the association between dietary patterns, obesity, and glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2015 at a diabetes reference center in Rio de Janeiro. Sociodemographic data and those related to outpatient follow-ups were obtained from the medical records.

Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy.

Unlabelled: Alterations in epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, represent a hallmark of cancer that has been successfully exploited for therapy in myeloid malignancies. Hypomethylating agents (HMA), such as azacitidine, have become standard-of-care therapy to treat myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloid neoplasms that can evolve into acute myeloid leukemia. However, our capacity to identify who will respond to HMAs, and the duration of response, remains limited.

Correction: Differences in carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness between vegetarian and omnivorous diets in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Correction for 'Differences in carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness between vegetarian and omnivorous diets in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis' by Alicia Saz-Lara , , 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO05061K.

Differences in carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness between vegetarian and omnivorous diets in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

: Arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis are known risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vegetarian diets have been associated with cardiovascular benefits, including improvements in metabolic parameters. However, the impact of a vegetarian diet on cardiovascular parameters, specifically arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis, in healthy individuals remains unclear.

Pulsed Electric Fields in Oncology: A Snapshot of Current Clinical Practices and Research Directions from the 4th World Congress of Electroporation.

The 4th World Congress of Electroporation (Copenhagen, 9-13 October 2022) provided a unique opportunity to convene leading experts in pulsed electric fields (PEF). PEF-based therapies harness electric fields to produce therapeutically useful effects on cancers and represent a valuable option for a variety of patients. As such, irreversible electroporation (IRE), gene electrotransfer (GET), electrochemotherapy (ECT), calcium electroporation (Ca-EP), and tumour-treating fields (TTF) are on the rise.

Boosting Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis with Simple Neural Attention.

A limitation of current deep learning (DL) approaches for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) analysis is the lack of interpretability. Moreover, existing pipelines are designed and trained for specific tasks used disjointly for different stages of analysis. We present scANNA, a novel interpretable DL model for scRNAseq studies that leverages neural attention to learn gene associations.

MYC activation impairs cell-intrinsic IFNγ signaling and confers resistance to anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy in lung cancer.

Elucidating the adaptive mechanisms that prevent host immune response in cancer will help predict efficacy of anti-programmed death-1 (PD1)/L1 therapies. Here, we study the cell-intrinsic response of lung cancer (LC) to interferon-γ (IFNγ), a cytokine that promotes immunoresponse and modulates programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels. We report complete refractoriness to IFNγ in a subset of LCs as a result of JAK2 or IFNGR1 inactivation.

Association of Time of Day With Outcomes Among Patients Triaged for a Suspected Severe Stroke in Nonurban Catalonia.

Background: We aim to assess whether time of day modified the treatment effect in the RACECAT trial (Direct Transfer to an Endovascular Center Compared to Transfer to the Closest Stroke Center in Acute Stroke Patients With Suspected Large Vessel Occlusion Trial), a cluster-randomized trial that did not demonstrate the benefit of direct transportation to a thrombectomy-capable center versus nearest local stroke center for patients with a suspected large vessel stroke triaged in nonurban Catalonia between March 2017 and June 2020.

Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of RACECAT to evaluate if the association between initial transport routing and functional outcome differed according to trial enrollment time: daytime (8:00 am-8:59 pm) and nighttime (9:00 pm-7:59 am). Primary outcome was disability at 90 days, as assessed by the shift analysis on the modified Rankin Scale score, in patients with ischemic stroke.

Introducing electric field fabrication: A method of additive manufacturing via liquid dielectrophoresis.

Biomedical devices with millimeter and micron-scaled features have been a promising approach to single-cell analysis, diagnostics, and fundamental biological and chemical studies. These devices, however, have not been able to fully embrace the advantages of additive manufacturing (AM) that offers quick prototypes and complexities not achievable via traditional 2D fabrication techniques (e.g.

Reply to the 'Comment on "Theoretical study of the NO radical reaction with CHClBr, CHICl, CHBrI, CHClBr, and CHClBr"' by C. J. Nielsen and Y. Tang, , 2022, , DOI: 10.1039/D2CP03013F.

In this Reply, we answer the main argument raised in the Comment about the energy of the NO radical and its influence in the reaction profiles of the reaction of the NO radical with CHClBr, CHICl, CHBrI, CHClBr, and CHClBr by C. J. Nielsen and Y.

Hydroxytyrosol decreases EDNRA expression through epigenetic modification in colorectal cancer cells.

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is one of the healthiest ones and is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as cancer. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is probably the most idiosyncratic component of this diet. EVOO has been attributed with many healthful effects, which may be due to its phenolic components, e.

Microglia states and nomenclature: A field at its crossroads.

Microglial research has advanced considerably in recent decades yet has been constrained by a rolling series of dichotomies such as "resting versus activated" and "M1 versus M2." This dualistic classification of good or bad microglia is inconsistent with the wide repertoire of microglial states and functions in development, plasticity, aging, and diseases that were elucidated in recent years. New designations continuously arising in an attempt to describe the different microglial states, notably defined using transcriptomics and proteomics, may easily lead to a misleading, although unintentional, coupling of categories and functions.

Early and Delayed Infarct Growth in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Prospective, Serial MRI Study.

Background: We studied the evolution over time of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesion volume and the factors involved on early and late infarct growth (EIG and LIG) in stroke patients undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) according to the final revascularization grade.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort of patients with anterior large artery occlusion undergoing EVT arriving at 1 comprehensive stroke center. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on arrival (pre-EVT), <2 hours after EVT (post-EVT), and on day 5.

TMAO Upregulates Members of the miR-17/92 Cluster and Impacts Targets Associated with Atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, and lifestyle strongly impacts its onset and progression. Nutrients have been shown to regulate the miR-17/92 cluster, with a role in endothelial function and atherosclerosis. Choline, betaine, and L-carnitine, found in animal foods, are metabolized into trimethylamine (TMA) by the gut microbiota.

Workflows and Outcomes in Patients With Suspected Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Triaged in Urban and Nonurban Areas.

Background: We aim to compare the outcome of patients from urban areas, where the referral center is able to perform thrombectomy, with patients from nonurban areas enrolled in the RACECAT trial (Direct Transfer to an Endovascular Center Compared to Transfer to the Closest Stroke Center in Acute Stroke Patients With Suspected Large Vessel Occlusion).

Methods: Patients with suspected large vessel occlusion stroke, as evaluated by a Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation score of ≥5, from urban catchment areas of thrombectomy-capable centers during RACECAT trial enrollment period were included in the Stroke Code Registry of Catalonia. Primary outcome was disability at 90 days, as assessed by the shift analysis on the modified Rankin Scale score, in patients with an ischemic stroke.

A solution to the challenges of interdisciplinary aggregation and use of specimen-level trait data.

Understanding variation of traits within and among species through time and across space is central to many questions in biology. Many resources assemble species-level trait data, but the data and metadata underlying those trait measurements are often not reported. Here, we introduce FuTRES (Functional Trait Resource for Environmental Studies; pronounced few-tress), an online datastore and community resource for individual-level trait reporting that utilizes a semantic framework.

Extended interpulse delays improve therapeutic efficacy of microsecond-duration pulsed electric fields.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE), or pulsed field ablation, employs microsecond-duration pulsed electric fields to generate targeted cellular damage without injury to the underlying tissue architecture. Biphasic, burst-type waveforms (termed high-frequency IRE, or H-FIRE) have garnered attention for their ability to elicit clinically relevant ablation volumes while reducing several undesirable side effects (muscle contractions/electrochemical effects) seen with monophasic pulses. Pulse width is generally the main (or only) parameter considered during burst construction, with little attention given to the delays within the burst.

Exosome-Containing Extracellular Vesicles Contribute to the Transport of Resveratrol Metabolites in the Bloodstream: A Human Pharmacokinetic Study.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that regulate intercellular signaling by transferring small RNAs, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other metabolites to local or distant organs, including the brain, by crossing the blood-brain barrier. However, the transport of (poly)phenols in human EVs has not yet been described. Therefore, we aimed here to explore (i) whether resveratrol and (or) its derived metabolites are found in the cargo of human plasma exosome-containing EVs (E-EVs), (ii) when this incorporation occurs, and (iii) whether resveratrol intake stimulates the release of E-EVs.