Cephalopod-inspired jetting devices for gastrointestinal drug delivery.

Needle-based injections currently enable the administration of a wide range of biomacromolecule therapies across the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, through recent developments in ingestible robotic devices. However, needles generally require training, sharps management and disposal, and pose challenges for autonomous ingestible systems. Here, inspired by the jetting systems of cephalopods, we have developed and evaluated microjet delivery systems that can deliver jets in axial and radial directions into tissue, making them suitable for tubular and globular segments of the gastrointestinal tract.

Emerging Concepts and Success Stories in Type 1 Diabetes Research: A Road Map for a Bright Future.

Type 1 diabetes treatment stands at a crucial and exciting crossroad since the 2022 U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of teplizumab to delay disease development.

Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of canine coronavirus from domestic dogs in Chengdu, China from 2020 to 2021 using a multiplex RT-PCR.

Recent reports on identification of canine coronavirus (CCoV) in humans have emphasized the urgency to strengthen surveillance of animal CoVs. The fact that recombinations between CCoV with feline, porcine CoVs brought about new types of CoVs indicated that more attention should be paid to domestic animals like dogs, cats and pigs, and the CoVs they carried. However, there are about ten kinds of CoVs that infect above animals, and thus representative CoVs with zoonotic potentials were considered in this study.

Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and risk variant carriers.

Genetic studies of Alzheimer disease (AD) have prioritized variants in genes related to the amyloid cascade, lipid metabolism, and neuroimmune modulation. However, the cell-specific effect of variants in these genes is not fully understood. Here, we perform single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) on nearly 300,000 nuclei from the parietal cortex of AD autosomal dominant (APP and PSEN1) and risk-modifying variant (APOE, TREM2 and MS4A) carriers.

Learning Performance of Weighted Distributed Learning With Support Vector Machines.

The divide-and-conquer strategy is a very effective method of dealing with big data. Noisy samples in big data usually have a great impact on algorithmic performance. In this article, we introduce Markov sampling and different weights for distributed learning with the classical support vector machine (cSVM).

Deep Learning Automated Background Phase Error Correction for Abdominopelvic 4D Flow MRI.

Background Four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI has the potential to provide hemodynamic insights for a variety of abdominopelvic vascular diseases, but its clinical utility is currently impaired by background phase error, which can be challenging to correct. Purpose To assess the feasibility of using deep learning to automatically perform image-based background phase error correction in 4D flow MRI and to compare its effectiveness relative to manual image-based correction. Materials and Methods A convenience sample of 139 abdominopelvic 4D flow MRI acquisitions performed between January 2016 and July 2020 was retrospectively collected.

Safety, tolerability and antiviral activity of the antisense oligonucleotide bepirovirsen in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a phase 2 randomized controlled trial.

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) leads to an increased risk of death from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Functional cure rates are low with current treatment options (nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) and pegylated interferons). Bepirovirsen is an antisense oligonucleotide targeting all HBV messenger RNAs; in cell culture and animal models, bepirovirsen leads to reductions in HBV-derived RNAs, HBV DNA and viral proteins.

Characterization of the Spectrum of Ophthalmic Changes in Patients With Alagille Syndrome.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the phenotypic spectrum of ophthalmic findings in patients with Alagille syndrome.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, multicenter, study on 46 eyes of 23 subjects with Alagille syndrome. We reviewed systemic and ophthalmologic data extracted from medical records, color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, visual fields, electrophysiological assessments, and molecular genetic findings.

Effects of Internal Limiting Membrane Peel for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Surgery: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare functional and anatomical outcomes after epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling with internal limiting membrane (ERM/ILM) peeling and without for the treatment of idiopathic ERM.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A comprehensive search of Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE Ovid, and Embase Ovid for randomized controlled trials comparing ERM/ILM with ERM was performed.

Olaparib plus Bevacizumab as First-Line Maintenance in Ovarian Cancer.

Background: Olaparib has shown significant clinical benefit as maintenance therapy in women with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer with a mutation. The effect of combining maintenance olaparib and bevacizumab in patients regardless of mutation status is unknown.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, international phase 3 trial.

Mechanical-force-induced non-local collective ferroelastic switching in epitaxial lead-titanate thin films.

Ferroelastic switching in ferroelectric/multiferroic oxides plays a crucial role in determining their dielectric, piezoelectric, and magnetoelectric properties. In thin films of these materials, however, substrate clamping is generally thought to limit the electric-field- or mechanical-force-driven responses to the local scale. Here, we report mechanical-force-induced large-area, non-local, collective ferroelastic domain switching in PbTiO epitaxial thin films by tuning the misfit-strain to be near a phase boundary wherein c/a and a/a nanodomains coexist.

Early Resumption of β Blockers Is Associated with Decreased Atrial Fibrillation after Noncardiothoracic and Nonvascular Surgery: A Cohort Analysis.

What We Already Know About This Topic: WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: BACKGROUND:: Beta (β) blockers reduce the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation and should be restarted after surgery, but it remains unclear when best to resume β blockers postoperatively. The authors thus evaluated the relationship between timing of resumption of β blockers and atrial fibrillation in patients recovering from noncardiothoracic and nonvascular surgery.

Methods: The authors evaluated 8,201 adult β-blocker users with no previous history of atrial fibrillation who stayed at least two nights after noncardiothoracic and nonvascular surgery as a retrospective observational cohort.

Selective laser melting of titanium alloy enables osseointegration of porous multi-rooted implants in a rabbit model.

Background: Osseointegration refers to the direct connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing artificial implant. Porous implants with well-controlled porosity and pore size can enhance osseointegration. However, until recently implants were produced by machining solid core titanium rods.

Impact of Surgical Template on the Accuracy of Implant Placement.

Purpose: To achieve functional and esthetic results, implants must be placed accurately; however, little information is available regarding the effect of surgical templates on the accuracy of implant placement. Thus, the aim of this study was to measure the deviation between actual and planned implant positions, and determine the deviation caused by the surgical template.

Materials And Methods: Jaws from 16 patients were scanned using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

RhNRG-1β Protects the Myocardium against Irradiation-Induced Damage via the ErbB2-ERK-SIRT1 Signaling Pathway.

Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), which is a serious side effect of the radiotherapy applied for various tumors due to the inevitable irradiation of the heart, cannot be treated effectively using current clinical therapies. Here, we demonstrated that rhNRG-1β, an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like protein, protects myocardium tissue against irradiation-induced damage and preserves cardiac function. rhNRG-1β effectively ameliorated irradiation-induced myocardial nuclear damage in both cultured adult rat-derived cardiomyocytes and rat myocardium tissue via NRG/ErbB2 signaling.

Clinical utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the staging of patients with potentially resectable esophageal cancer.

Introduction: (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) may play an important role in staging patients with potentially resectable esophageal cancer but its impact on clinical management remains unclear.

Methods: In a multicenter prospective cohort study of patients with potentially resectable esophageal cancer, we compared stage of disease based on PET/CT with the stage based on conventional staging performed before PET/CT (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a clinically important change in stage, based on PET/CT findings.

Peripheral involvement of PKA and PKC in subcutaneous bee venom-induced persistent nociception, mechanical hyperalgesia, and inflammation in rats.

The roles of central protein kinases A and C (PKA and PKC) in various pain states have intensively been investigated during the past decade. The aim of the present study was to investigate the peripheral involvement of PKA and PKC in persistent nociceptive response, evoked pain behaviors, and inflammation induced by subcutaneous (s.c.