Publications by authors named "E-K Kim"
We developed a rapid and sensitive diagnostic platform that integrates isothermal viral gene amplification with a nucleic acid lateral flow assay (NALFA) to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Isothermal gene amplification was performed by combining reverse transcription of viral RNA with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). In our diagnostic platform, DNA primers for the RPA reaction were modified by appending DNA tails, enabling the synthesis of tailed amplicon DNAs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by systemic endothelial dysfunction. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia remains incompletely understood. This study used human venous endothelial cell (EC) transcriptional profiling to investigate potential novel mechanisms underlying EC dysfunction in preeclampsia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: Among various emerging catheter-based treatments for severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR), the spacer device can reduce the regurgitation orifice without manipulating the valve leaflet. However, its clinical application has been hampered by traumatic anchoring to the myocardium and the coaxial alignment of the balloon resulting in insufficient TR reduction. This study aimed to evaluate the early-stage safety, technical feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of the novel atraumatic vertical spacer in patients with isolated severe TR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith the rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, there has been increasing use of local-regional therapy (LRT) to downstage or bridge to transplant, for definitive treatment, and for palliation. The CT/MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) Treatment Response Assessment (TRA) algorithm provides guidance for step-by-step tumor assessment after LRT and standardized reporting. Current evidence suggests that the algorithm performs well in the assessment of tumor response to arterial embolic and loco-ablative therapies and fair when assessing response to radiation-based therapies, with limited data to validate the latter.
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- Advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to numerous commercial and open-source models, but there has been no real-world comparison of OpenAI's GPT-4 against these models for extracting information from radiology reports.
- The study aimed to compare GPT-4 with several leading open-source LLMs in extracting relevant findings from chest radiograph reports using datasets from the ImaGenome and Massachusetts General Hospital.
- Results showed that GPT-4 slightly outperformed the best open-source model, Llama 2-70B, in terms of accuracy scores, with both showing strong performance in extracting findings from the reports.
Article Synopsis
- * Fifty patients were monitored using both types of devices simultaneously, assessing their agreement through statistical methods.
- * Results showed that while heart rate readings were consistent between the devices, some technical measurements had disagreements, but overall, the single-lead ECG is a reliable alternative for monitoring heart activity during exercise.
Article Synopsis
- The study looked at how well patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) understand their pregnancy risks and management before getting pregnant.
- Most patients had been pregnant before, but many experienced complications, and not enough were getting good advice about these issues.
- There’s a big need for doctors to do a better job of educating patients about the risks and management related to PCOS, especially for those with other health problems.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the difficulty of obtaining ECGs in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and explores using deep learning to classify types of tachycardia based on sinus rhythm ECGs.
- Utilizing a modified deep learning model on data from 833 patients with AVNRT and 346 with concealed AVRT, the study found that pre-training the model improved classification performance significantly.
- The results indicate that while deep learning can help differentiate between AVNRT and concealed AVRT using sinus rhythm ECGs, the performance is still modest, suggesting room for further improvement in non-invasive diagnoses.
Article Synopsis
- Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) is a leading cause of ischemic strokes in young adults, and this study explored the effects of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) on patients with CeAD and stroke symptoms.
- Analyzed data from the STOP-CAD study, it found that IVT significantly improved functional independence after 90 days in patients without increasing the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.
- The results suggest that IVT is a beneficial treatment for eligible patients with CeAD, aligning with current medical guidelines on its use.
Intraocular Concentration of Stem Cell Factor/c-KIT and Galectin-1 in Retinal Diseases.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
September 2024
Purpose: To investigate the intraocular concentration profiles of stem cell factor (SCF)/c-KIT, galectin-1 (GAL-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A with regard to retinal disease and treatment response.
Methods: The study group included 13 patients with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), 196 with neovascular AMD (nAMD), 21 with diabetic macular edema (DME), 10 with retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and 34 normal subjects with cataracts. Aqueous humor levels of SCF, c-KIT, GAL-1, and VEGF-A were analyzed by immunoassay according to disease group and treatment response.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers conducted a trial comparing edoxaban monotherapy with dual antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and stable coronary artery disease to assess risks of stroke and other serious outcomes.
- The study involved 1,040 patients, with results showing fewer primary-outcome events in those on edoxaban alone (6.8% vs. 16.2% for dual therapy), indicating it may be safer.
- Although the incidence of major bleeding was higher in the dual therapy group (14.2% vs. 4.7%), the major ischemic events were similar for both treatment groups.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers conducted a genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants linked to pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in a large group of patients.
- Six significant genetic variants were found, particularly in the genes NAV2 and NKD1, which are associated with the Wnt signaling pathway and inversely correlated with ITP.
- The study highlighted that no significant genetic variants were found to differentiate between those with ITP who recovered quickly and those who developed chronic ITP, suggesting a complex genetic influence on disease outcomes.
Background: We aimed to investigate the association between a diagnosis of untreated unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) and the development of mental illness.
Methods: This retrospective, propensity-score-matched cohort study was based on the nationwide South Korean database. The UIA diagnosis group included participants newly diagnosed with UIA between 2011 and 2019.
Article Synopsis
- A study examined the safety and effectiveness of one-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in high bleeding risk patients undergoing PCI with Resolute Onyx stents, focusing on differences between Asian and non-Asian patients.
- The results showed no significant differences in serious ischemic outcomes (like cardiac death or heart attacks) between matched groups from both regions, each with 12% incidence.
- However, Asian patients experienced significantly fewer major bleeding events (4%) compared to non-Asian patients (9%), despite similar initial bleeding risk profiles after matching.
Background: Monocytes are a critical innate immune system cell type that serves homeostatic and immunoregulatory functions. They have been identified historically by the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16. However, recent single-cell studies have revealed that they are much more heterogeneous than previously realized.
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- Despite the proven safety and effectiveness of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, concerns about potential internal organ damage remain.
- The authors present three cases of rare abdominal wall hernias that developed post-HIFU treatment for uterine conditions without any skin damage.
- Symptoms were often vague and diagnosis was delayed, highlighting the importance of recognizing abdominal wall hernias as a possible complication following HIFU, especially if patients experience unusual abdominal swelling or persistent pain.
Context: Children from marginalized groups are at risk for worse medical outcomes, yet little is known about their end of life experiences.
Objective: We examine the characteristics of deceased children with a focus on race, ethnicity, and preferred language.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients who died at Texas Children's Hospital from 2018 to 2019.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to develop deep learning algorithms for the automatic segmentation of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesions in patients with cerebral infarction, involving a large dataset of 8,421 patients from multiple hospitals in Korea.
- Two models, 2D UNet and SE-Unet, were trained and validated using FLAIR MRI images, with performance measured against a human-segmented gold standard using various statistical metrics.
- Results showed that while both models had good performance, the SE-Unet outperformed the UNet with higher average Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSCs) in both internal and external validations, indicating it was more reliable for WMH segmentation.
Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (fILDs) have poor survival rates and lack effective therapies. Despite evidence for immune mechanisms in lung fibrosis, immunotherapies have been unsuccessful for major types of fILD. Here, we review immunological mechanisms in lung fibrosis that have the potential to impact clinical practice.
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- Recurrent cervical cancer poses serious health risks, especially after initial treatment, leading to the need for new therapy options.
- A phase 3 trial compared the effects of tisotumab vedotin to standard chemotherapy in 502 patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer, focusing on overall survival.
- Results show that tisotumab vedotin significantly improved median overall survival (11.5 months vs. 9.5 months) and progression-free survival (4.2 months vs. 2.9 months), with a higher response rate compared to chemotherapy, despite both groups experiencing a high incidence of adverse events.
The purposes of this study were to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for future breast cancer risk prediction based on mammographic images, investigate the feasibility of the AI model, and compare the AI model, clinical statistical risk models, and Mirai, a state of-the art deep learning algorithm based on screening mammograms for 1-5-year breast cancer risk prediction. We trained and developed a deep learning model using a total of 36,995 serial mammographic examinations from 21,438 women (cancer-enriched mammograms, 17.5%).
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- - The study investigates the effectiveness of amivantamab plus lazertinib compared to osimertinib in treating patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) caused by specific genetic mutations.
- - Results showed that patients receiving the amivantamab-lazertinib treatment had a significantly longer progression-free survival (23.7 months) than those on osimertinib (16.6 months), and the response rate was similar among both groups.
- - Side effects primarily related to treatment were noted, but the overall survival analysis indicated a potential benefit for amivantamab-lazertinib over osimertinib, with fewer serious complications leading to treatment discontinuation.
Automated Scoring of Alzheimer's Disease Atrophy Scale with Subtype Classification Using Deep Learning-Based T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Image Segmentation.
J Alzheimers Dis Rep
May 2024
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to enhance the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by implementing automated scoring methods for brain atrophy using deep learning techniques, addressing limitations of traditional visual scoring.* -
- Involving nearly 4,000 participants, the research compared results from automated scoring methods and visual assessments performed by neuroradiologists to evaluate their consistency and reliability.* -
- Findings indicate strong correlations between automated and visual scores for AD subtyping, suggesting automated methods could improve clinical assessments in large-scale studies.*
Docking domains (DDs) located at the C- and N-termini of polypeptides play a crucial role in directing the assembly of polyketide synthases (PKSs), which are multienzyme complexes. Here, we determined the crystal structure of a complex comprising the C-terminal DD (DD) and N-terminal DD (DD) of macrolactin trans-acyltransferase (AT) PKS that were fused to a functional enzyme, AmpC EC2 β-lactamase. Interface analyses of the DD/DD complex revealed the molecular intricacies in the core section underpinning the precise DD assembly.
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