(Antibiotic-Resistant) in the Dutch-German Vecht Catchment─Monitoring and Modeling.

Fecally contaminated waters can be a source for human infections. We investigated the occurrence of fecal indicator bacteria () and antibiotic-resistant , namely, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing (ESBL-EC) and carbapenemase-producing (CP-EC) in the Dutch-German transboundary catchment of the Vecht River. Over the course of one year, bacterial concentrations were monitored in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents and effluents and in surface waters with and without WWTP influence.

Antimicrobial resistance genes aph(3')-III, erm(B), sul2 and tet(W) abundance in animal faeces, meat, production environments and human faeces in Europe.

Background: Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is an affordable method to quantify antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) targets, allowing comparisons of ARG abundance along animal production chains.

Objectives: We present a comparison of ARG abundance across various animal species, production environments and humans in Europe. AMR variation sources were quantified.

Risk factors for the abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes aph(3')-III, erm(B), sul2 and tet(W) in pig and broiler faeces in nine European countries.

Objectives: The occurrence and zoonotic potential of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pigs and broilers has been studied intensively in past decades. Here, we describe AMR levels of European pig and broiler farms and determine the potential risk factors.

Methods: We collected faeces from 181 pig farms and 181 broiler farms in nine European countries.

Determinants for antimicrobial resistance genes in farm dust on 333 poultry and pig farms in nine European countries.

Livestock feces with antimicrobial resistant bacteria reaches the farm floor, manure pit, farm land and wider environment by run off and aerosolization. Little research has been done on the role of dust in the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in farms. Concentrations and potential determinants of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in farm dust are at present not known.

Ecological Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in the Transboundary Vecht River (Germany and The Netherlands).

Millions of people rely on active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to prevent and cure a wide variety of illnesses in humans and animals, which has led to a steadily increasing consumption of APIs across the globe and concurrent releases of APIs into the environment. In the environment, APIs can have a detrimental impact on wildlife, particularly aquatic wildlife. Therefore, it is essential to assess their potential adverse effects to aquatic ecosystems.