Introduction: Cholemic nephropathy is an overlooked cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with cirrhosis and high bilirubin plasma levels (usually above 20 mg/dL), due to bilirubin and bile acid deposition in the kidneys. Those deposits have been hypothesized to cause tubular injury. It has no standardized diagnostic criteria or therapeutic strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe incidence of post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) is low with the new low- or iso-osmolar non-ionic iodinated contrast agents. The only proven form of prophylaxis for PC-AKI is hydration, preferably intravenous, although oral hydration is equally effective. In this article we define PC-AKI and its risk factors, propose a prophylaxis protocol and respond to the most common doubts that arise around prophylaxis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCanine inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is an aggressive and rare type of mammary gland cancer in dogs where vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxigenase-2 overexpression usually occur, which contribute to its invasive and angiogenic nature. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combined treatment regimen of toceranib phosphate and carprofen in dogs with measurable IMC. Fifteen female dogs with histopathologically confirmed IMC were included, undergoing a regimen of toceranib (2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF