Striatum-enriched protein, arginase 2 localizes to medium spiny neurons and controls striatal metabolic profile.

Arginase 2 (Arg2) is the predominant arginase isoenzyme in the brain, however its distribution appears to be limited to selected, region-specific subpopulations of cells. Although striatum is highly enriched with Arg2, precise localization and function of striatal Arg2 have never been studied. Here, we confirm that Arg2 is the only arginase isoenzyme in the striatum, and, using genetic model of total Arg2 loss, we show that Arg2 in this region is fully responsible for arginase catalytic activity, and its loss doesn't induce compensatory activation of Arg1.

Exposure of cerebellar granule cells to nanosilver: Oxidative stress parameters and the protective effect of exogenous glutathione.

In recent decades, the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has shown exponential growth. They are widely used as high-potency antimicrobial agents in a range of medical and consumer products and increasingly in the agricultural sector as a component of plant protection nanoproducts. Due to the risk of environmental hazards, the mechanisms of AgNPs toxicity should be thoroughly investigated to deepen our understanding of the potential negative impact on human health.

Metabolic Biomarkers Differentiate a Surgical Intervertebral Disc from a Nonsurgical Intervertebral Disc.

Background: Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is caused by disturbances in metabolic processes, which lead to structural disorders. The aim of this report is to analyze metabolic disorders in the degeneration process by comparing control discs with degenerated discs. In our research on the nucleus pulposus (NP), we used NMR spectroscopy of extracts of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds of the tissue.

NMR-Based Metabolomics of Rat Hippocampus, Serum, and Urine in Two Models of Autism.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are increasingly diagnosed as developmental disabilities of unclear etiology related to genetic, epigenetic, or environmental factors. The diagnosis of ASD in children is based on the recognition of typical behavioral symptoms, while no reliable biomarkers are available. Rats in whom ASD-like symptoms are due to maternal administration of the teratogenic drugs valproate or thalidomide on critical day 11 of pregnancy are widely used models in autism research.

Serum metabolic profiles and metal levels of patients with multiple sclerosis and patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders - NMR spectroscopy and ICP-MS studies.

Background And Objectives: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a disease misdiagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). We hypothesized that the serum metabolic profile could be helpful in the differentiation of both diseases in an early stage.

Methods: We included controls, patients with MS diagnosed according to the McDonald criteria of 2010, and patients with NMOSD diagnosed according to the criteria from 2015.