Reaction of quinaldine with 4,6-di(-butyl)-3-nitro-1,2-benzoquinone. Dependence of the outcome on the reaction conditions and a deeper insight into the mechanism.

Condensation of quinaldine with 4,6-di (-butyl)-3-nitro-1,2-benzoquinone results in the formation of 5,7-di (-butyl)-2-(quinoline-2-yl)-1,3-tropolone, 5,7-di (-butyl)-4-nitro-2-(quinoline-2-yl)-1,3-tropolone, 3,3-dimethyl-2-(5-hydroxy-4-nitro-3--butyl-6-quinoline-2-yl-pyridine-2-yl)butanoic acid, 6-(2,2-dimethylprop-3-yl)-5--butyl-4-nitro-2-(quinoline-2-yl)-pyridine-3-ol, 1,7-di (-butyl)-3-(quinoline-2-yl)-2-azabicyclo-[3.3.0]octa-2,7-diene-4,6-dione--oxide.

Low-Threshold Induced-Side-Scattering Instability at the Tokamak Edge Transport Barrier Predicted in O-Mode Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating Experiments.

The trapping of a lower hybrid wave in the tokamak edge transport barrier is predicted, reducing by 3 orders of magnitude the excitation threshold for the absolute parametric decay instability that leads to side scattering of the ordinary microwave pump in electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) experiments. This process is similar to the stimulated Raman scattering instability in laser physics and can result in substantial anomalous scattering of the pump wave, like in laser fusion experiments. The corresponding broadening of the ECRH power deposition profile can reduce the ability of this method to control the neoclassical tearing modes both in present day machines, as ASDEX-Upgrade, where the theory can be checked, and in fusion reactors such as ITER and DEMO.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-quinolyl-1,3-tropolone derivatives as new anti-cancer agents.

Tropolones are promising organic compounds that can have important biologic effects. We developed a series of new 2-quinolyl-1,3-tropolones derivatives that were prepared by the acid-catalyzed reaction of 4,7-dichloro-2-methylquinolines with 1,2-benzoquinones. 2-Quinolyl-1,3-tropolones have been synthesized and tested for their anti-proliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines.

2-Hetaryl-1,3-tropolones based on five-membered nitrogen heterocycles: synthesis, structure and properties.

A series of derivatives of 2-hetaryl-1,3-tropolone (β-tropolone) was prepared by the acid-catalyzed reaction of 2-methylbenzoxazoles, 2-methylbenzothiazoles and 2,3,3-trimethylindoline with 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone. The molecular structures of the three representative compounds were determined by X-ray crystallography. In crystal and (as shown by the DFT PBE0/6-311+G** calculations) in solution, 2-hetaryl-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro- and 2-hetaryl-5,6,7-trichloro-1,3-tropolones exist in the NH-tautomeric form with a strong resonance-assisted intramolecular N-H···O hydrogen bond.

Multiscale investigations of drift-wave turbulence and plasma flows: measurements and total-distribution-function gyrokinetic simulations.

Direct measurements of micro-, meso-, and macroscale transport phenomena in the FT-2 tokamak are shown to be quantitatively reproduced by global full f nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation predictions. A detailed agreement with mean equilibrium E×B flows, oscillating fine-scale zonal flows, and turbulence spectra observed by a set of sophisticated microwave backscattering techniques as well as a good fit of the thermal diffusivity data are demonstrated. A clear influence of the impurity ions on the fluctuating radial electric field is observed.