Evaluating Variability in Decision-Making Among Spine Surgeons Treating Adult Spine Deformity.

Background Context: Significant variability in the management of Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD) has been observed among spine surgeons worldwide. The variability among Canadian spine surgeons, a country with universal public healthcare, remains unknown.

Purpose: The study aims to evaluate areas of variability in the peri-operative optimization and surgical management of ASD among Canadian spine surgeons.

On-Demand Selection of the Latent Domain Orientation in Spray-Deposited Block Copolymer Thin Films.

With their ability to self-assemble spontaneously into well-defined nanoscale morphologies, block copolymer (BCP) thin films are a versatile platform to fabricate functional nanomaterials. An important challenge to wider deployment of BCPs in nanofabrication is combining precise control over the nanoscale domain orientation in BCP assemblies with scalable deposition techniques that are applicable to large-area, curved, and flexible substrates. Here, we show that spray-deposited smooth films of a nominally disordered BCP exhibit latent orientations, which can be prescriptively selected by controlling solvent evaporation during spray casting.

Contributors and Solutions to High Out-of-Pocket Costs for Heart Failure Medications.

As expensive therapeutics rise to the fore of heart failure management, out-of-pocket (OOP) medication costs have become increasingly relevant to patient care. Prescription medication costs influence medical decision-making and affect adherence. Yet, individualized cost estimates are seldom available during clinical encounters when prescription decisions are made.

Can Artificial Intelligence Deceive Residency Committees? A Randomized Multicenter Analysis of Letters of Recommendation.

Introduction: The introduction of generative artificial intelligence (AI) may have a profound effect on residency applications. In this study, we explore the abilities of AI-generated letters of recommendation (LORs) by evaluating the accuracy of orthopaedic surgery residency selection committee members to identify LORs written by human or AI authors.

Methods: In a multicenter, single-blind trial, a total of 45 LORs (15 human, 15 ChatGPT, and 15 Google BARD) were curated.

Extracellular Matrix Instability and Chronic Inflammation Underlie Maladaptive Right Ventricular Pressure Overload Remodeling and Failure in Male Mice.

Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) portends increased death risk for heart failure (HF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients, regardless of left ventricular function or disease etiology. In both, RVD arises from chronic RV pressure overload and represents advanced cardiopulmonary disease. RV remodeling responses and survival rates of patients, however, differ by sex.