Chicken ANP32A-independent replication of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses potentially leads to mammalian adaptation-related amino acid substitutions in viral PB2 and PA proteins.

Acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A (ANP32A) is an important host factor that supports the efficient replication of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). To develop an antiviral strategy against Gs/Gd-lineage H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in chickens, we established chicken ANP32-knockout (chANP32A-KO) DF-1 cells and evaluated their antiviral efficacy through validation. The replication of all HPAI viruses tested in chANP32A-KO cells was significantly lower compared to that of wild-type DF-1 cells.

Sun Protection as a Strategy for Managing Heat Stress in Avocado Trees.

The increasing incidence of heat stress due to global climate change poses a significant challenge to avocado () cultivation, particularly in regions with intense solar radiation. This review evaluates sun protection strategies, focusing on the efficacy of different sunscreen products such as kaolin, titanium dioxide, and calcium oxide in mitigating thermal stress in avocado trees. The application of these materials was shown to reduce leaf and fruit surface temperatures, improve photosynthetic efficiency, and enhance fruit quality by preventing sunburn and dehydration.

Effects of Salicylic Acid on Physiological Responses of Pepper Plants Pre-Subjected to Drought under Rehydration Conditions.

L. has worldwide distribution, but drought has limited its production. There is a lack of research to better understand how this species copes with drought stress, whether it is reversible, and the effects of mitigating agents such as salicylic acid (SA).

Antifungal effect and some properties of cell-free supernatants of two Bacillus subtilis isolates against Fusarium verticillioides.

Fusarium verticillioides causes significant decrease in corn yield and quality, and produces fumonisins, which represent a serious risk to human and animal health. Bacillus species can be an effective and environmentally friendly alternative for F. verticillioides biological control.