Outcomes of pediatric liver retransplantation candidates in the modern era: Strategies are needed to avoid waitlist mortality in the United States.

Pediatric liver retransplantation (rLT) has historically shown poorer outcomes compared to primary liver transplantation (pLT). Comprehensive studies assessing outcomes for pediatric rLT candidates under the modern allocation policy are lacking. OPTN data from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2022 were obtained; exclusion criteria included candidates ≥18years of age and those listed or transplanted for multiple organs.

Understanding Barriers to Hepatitis C Antiviral Treatment in Low-Middle-Income Countries.

: Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have significantly reduced Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) transmission and improved health outcomes since their FDA approval in 2011. Despite these advances, over 70 million people remain untreated globally, with a disproportionately high burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). : Through a structured search of open access informational sources and an informal peer-reviewed literature review, HCV treatment barriers were identified, compiled, and analyzed.

Ketamine induces plasticity in a norepinephrine-astroglial circuit to promote behavioral perseverance.

Transient exposure to ketamine can trigger lasting changes in behavior and mood. We found that brief ketamine exposure causes long-term suppression of futility-induced passivity in larval zebrafish, reversing the "giving-up" response that normally occurs when swimming fails to cause forward movement. Whole-brain imaging revealed that ketamine hyperactivates the norepinephrine-astroglia circuit responsible for passivity.

Material economic hardship is associated with adverse 1-year outcomes after pediatric liver transplantation: Prospective cohort results from the multi-center SOCIAL-Tx study.

Pediatric liver transplant outcomes exhibit disparities, necessitating identification of modifiable risk factors to develop targeted interventions. We characterized associations between household material economic hardship (e.g.

Features of hyperinflammation link the biology of EBV infection and cytokine storm syndromes.

Background: Overt immune activation by viral infections can lead to cytokine storm syndromes, such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).

Objective: We aim to compare the immune response to different viral pathogens to understand the connection between infections and cytokine storm syndromes.

Methods: We recruited children who presented to the emergency room with fever for ≥ 3 days.