Pathogenesis of bovine H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infection in Macaques.

Since early 2022 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infections have been reported in wild aquatic birds and poultry throughout the United States (US) with spillover into several mammalian species. In March 2024, HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.

Evolution of Omicron lineage towards increased fitness in the upper respiratory tract in the absence of severe lung pathology.

The emergence of the Omicron lineage represented a major genetic drift in SARS-CoV-2 evolution. This was associated with phenotypic changes including evasion of pre-existing immunity and decreased disease severity. Continuous evolution within the Omicron lineage raised concerns of potential increased transmissibility and/or disease severity.

Comparison of Contemporary and Historic Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Replication in Human Lung Organoids.

We compared virus replication and host responses in human alveolar epithelium infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses. A/Vietnam/1203/2004 replicated most efficiently, followed by A/Texas/37/2024, then A/bovine/Ohio/B24OSU-342/2024. Induction of interferon-stimulated genes was lower with A/Texas/37/2024 and A/bovine/Ohio/B24OSU-342/2024, which may indicate a reduced disease severity of those viruses.

Surgical navigation for targeted retroperitoneal lymph-node removal: a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: Metastatic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (LND) for nodal recurrence is applied for a variety of cancers, such as urological, gynaecological and rectal cancer. Precise localisation and resection of these lymph nodes (LNs) during surgery can be challenging, especially after previous radiotherapy or surgery. The objective of this study was to assess the added value of surgical navigation for targeted LND in the retroperitoneum.

ZNF143 is a transcriptional regulator of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes that acts independently of looping and CTCF.

Gene expression is orchestrated by transcription factors, which function within the context of a three-dimensional genome. Zinc-finger protein 143 (ZNF143/ZFP143) is a transcription factor that has been implicated in both gene activation and chromatin looping. To study the direct consequences of ZNF143/ZFP143 loss, we generated a ZNF143/ZFP143 depletion system in mouse embryonic stem cells.