Socio-economic inequalities in body mass index among preschool children: do sports programs in early childhood education and care centers make a difference?

Background: Overweight in childhood is considered to be one of the most serious public health challenges. Many studies have investigated individual-level determinants of children's body mass index (BMI), yet studies exploring determinants at the meso-level are sparse. The aim of our study was to examine how a sports focus at early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers moderates the effect of parental socio-economic position (SEP) on children's BMI.

Midterm results of stemless impaction shoulder arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis: a prospective, multicenter study.

Background: Stemless shoulder arthroplasty using 4 open-fin press-fit anchors has been showing promising short-term clinical and radiographic results for patients' primary osteoarthritis. This prospective, multicenter study presents 5-year postoperative clinical and radiological outcomes of a stemless shoulder arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis.

Methods: Between November 2012 and December 2015, 100 patients were treated for primary osteoarthritis with the Sidus stem-free shoulder system at 7 European centers.

Associations of individual factors and early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres characteristics with preschoolers' BMI in Germany.

Background: The number of obese children is rising worldwide. Many studies have investigated single determinants of children's body mass index (BMI), yet studies measuring determinants at different potential levels of influence are sparse. The aim of this study is to investigate the independent role of parental socioeconomic position (SEP), additional family factors at the micro level, as well as early childhood education and care (ECEC) centre characteristics at the meso level regarding BMI.

Spt5-mediated enhancer transcription directly couples enhancer activation with physical promoter interaction.

Active enhancers are frequently transcribed, yet the regulatory role of enhancer transcription remains debated. Here, we depleted the RNA polymerase II pausing and elongation factor Spt5 in activated mouse B cells and found that approximately 50% of enhancer-gene pairs showed co-regulated transcription, consistent with a potential functional requirement for enhancer transcription. In particular, Spt5 depletion led to loss of super-enhancer-promoter physical interaction and gene expression at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus (Igh), abrogating antibody class switch recombination.

Onsager's conjecture in bounded domains for the conservation of entropy and other companion laws.

We show that weak solutions of general conservation laws in bounded domains conserve their generalized entropy, and other respective companion laws, if they possess a certain fractional differentiability of order one-third in the interior of the domain, and if the normal component of the corresponding fluxes tend to zero as one approaches the boundary. This extends various recent results of the authors.