Programmed evolution for optimization of orthogonal metabolic output in bacteria.

Current use of microbes for metabolic engineering suffers from loss of metabolic output due to natural selection. Rather than combat the evolution of bacterial populations, we chose to embrace what makes biological engineering unique among engineering fields - evolving materials. We harnessed bacteria to compute solutions to the biological problem of metabolic pathway optimization.

Ureteral injury from blunt abdominal trauma: case report.

Injuries to the ureter from blunt trauma occur most often at the ureteropelvic junction. A delayed diagnosis is typical because of the presence of other injuries. Injuries occurring to other parts of the ureter are usually over the transverse processes.