Biomarkers.

Background: Nearly all people with Down Syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer's dementia (AD) by the 7 decade of life. However, whether the alterations in fluid biomarker levels associated with DS follow the same pattern to those observed in other forms of AD is not well understood.

Method: We used mass spectrometry-based proteomics to measure 1116 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) across euploid controls (n=130), sporadic late-onset AD (LOAD, n=89), asymptomatic DS (n=117), prodromal DS (n=57), and dementia DS (n=80) cases, and compared the protein changes observed in DS to those in LOAD and to those recently described in autosomal dominant AD (ADAD).

Biomarkers.

Background: Plasma pTau217 detects AD pathology and show longitudinal changes dependent on baseline pathology. However, previous studies have been restricted to cohorts with limited diversity. We evaluated performance of plasma pTau217 in detecting AD and predicting disease progression in a diverse cohort from the Emory Goizueta ADRC.

Developing Topics.

Background: Sabirnetug (ACU193) is a humanized IgG2 antibody targeting soluble, synaptotoxic amyloid β oligomers (AβOs). AβOs accumulate in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and induce pre- and post-synaptic changes, resulting in dendritic spine loss, neuronal degeneration, and release of synaptic proteins into the CSF. Recently, we reported that three administrations of sabirnetug in an early AD population (INTERCEPT-AD Phase 1 study, NCT04931459) significantly lowered CSF levels of the post-synaptic protein neurogranin as well as pTau181.

The inductive effect does not explain electron density in haloacetates: are our textbooks wrong?

The inductive effect is a central concept in chemistry and is often exemplified by the p values of acetic acid derivatives. The reduction in p is canonically attributed to the reduction in the electron density of the carboxylate group through the inductive effect. However, wave functional theory calculations presented herein reveal that the charge density of the carboxylate group is not explained by the inductive effect.

Intracranial Gunshot Wounds: An Assessment of Patient Characteristics on Surgical Outcomes.

Background/objective: Intracranial gunshot wounds (GSW) are often fatal, with most patients dying before intervention can occur. Surgical management, when indicated, results in decreased mortality. We sought to assess the neurosurgical outcomes and economic costs of intracranial GSW.