What is bad news in fertility care? A qualitative analysis of staff and patients' accounts of bad and challenging news in fertility care.

Study Question: What do fertility staff and patients think is bad news in fertility care?

Summary Answer: Staff and patients agree bad news is any news that makes patients less likely to achieve parenthood spontaneously or access and do successful treatment, but their appraisals of how bad the news is are differently influenced by specific news features and the context of its delivery.

What Is Known Already: Bad news is common in fertility care, but staff feel unprepared to share it and four in 10 patients react to it with unanticipated emotional or physical reactions. Research has paid much attention to how bad news should be shared, but considerably less to what news is perceived as bad, despite the fact this may dictate elements of its delivery.

The Badges Program: A Self-Directed Learning Guide for Residents for Conducting Research and a Successful Peer-Reviewed Publication.

Introduction: The Badges Program is a self-directed supplement to a program's research curriculum. This step-by-step resource helps medical residents to understand the resources needed to conduct their own research project and fulfill the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requirements for scholarly activity.

Methods: The curriculum is completed over varying amounts of time depending on the intricacy of scholastic activities.

A modified vitamin regimen for vitamin B2, A, and E administration in very-low-birth-weight infants.

Introduction: Very-low-birth-weight (VLBW; birth weight, <1,500 g) infants receive preterm infant formulas and parenteral multivitamin preparations that provide more riboflavin (vitamin B2) than does human milk and more than that recommended by the American Society of Clinical Nutrition. VLBW infants who are not breast-fed may have plasma riboflavin concentrations up to 50 times higher than those in cord blood. The authors examined a vitamin regimen designed to reduce daily riboflavin intake, with the hypothesis that this new regimen would result in lower plasma riboflavin concentrations while maintaining lipid-soluble vitamin levels.

Plasma and urine riboflavin during riboflavin-free nutrition in very-low-birth-weight infants.

Background: Very-low-birth-weight (VLBW; birth weight <1500 g) infants receive enteral and parenteral nutriture that provides greater daily riboflavin (vitamin B2) than does term infant nutriture, and elevated plasma riboflavin develops in these infants after birth. The purpose of this study was to measure plasma and urine riboflavin concentrations in VLBW infants during riboflavin-free nutrition. Our hypothesis was that elevated plasma riboflavin develops in VLBW infants because of high daily intake and immature renal riboflavin elimination.

Plasma and urine riboflavin and pyridoxine concentrations in enterally fed very-low-birth-weight neonates.

Preterm infant formulas (PIFs) for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants (birth weight, < 1,500 g) are augmented to provide daily riboflavin and pyridoxine at levels up to five-fold greater than in term infant formula and 18-fold greater than in human milk. We evaluated plasma riboflavin and pyridoxine concentrations in VLBW infants who received PIF during their first postnatal month. Eighty-eight plasma and 124 urine samples were collected for riboflavin- and pyridoxine-concentration measurements from 57 clinically healthy VLBW infants weekly during their first postnatal month.