Stability testing of iomeprol and iopamidol formulations subjected to X-ray radiation.

Introduction: Exposure of iodinated contrast media (ICM) to X-rays is not uncommon, as contrast media are often stored in close proximity to radiological equipment. However, the interaction between X-rays and ICM is not widely investigated in literature. The present study aims to investigate the chemical stability of iomeprol and iopamidol, two commercial iodinated ICM commonly used in diagnostic imaging, under X-rays exposure.

Mutagenicity assessment of two potential impurities in preparations of 5-amino-2,4,6 triiodoisophthalic acid, a key intermediate in the synthesis of the iodinated contrast agent iopamidol.

5-Aminoisophthalic acid and 5-nitroisophthalic acid (5-NIPA) are potential impurities in preparations of 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid, which is a key intermediate in the synthesis of the iodinated contrast agent iopamidol. We have studied their mutagenicity in silico (quantitative structure-activity relationships, QSAR) and by the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test). First, the compounds were screened with the tools Derek Nexus™ and Leadscope®.

A bifasic response to cadmium stress in carrot: Early acclimatory mechanisms give way to root collapse further to prolonged metal exposure.

Very few studies have provided information about the effects of cadmium (Cd) at histoanatomical and ultrastructural levels, along with potential localization of the metal in planta. In particular, from this standpoint, almost nothing is known in Daucus carota L. (carrot), a particularly important species for in vitro and in vivo functional investigations.

Genome-wide inventory of metal homeostasis-related gene products including a functional phytochelatin synthase in the hypogeous mycorrhizal fungus Tuber melanosporum.

Ectomycorrhizal fungi are thought to enhance mineral nutrition of their host plants and to confer increased tolerance toward toxic metals. However, a global view of metal homeostasis-related genes and pathways in these organisms is still lacking. Building upon the genome sequence of Tuber melanosporum and on transcriptome analyses, we set out to systematically identify metal homeostasis-related genes in this plant-symbiotic ascomycete.

Nitric oxide is involved in cadmium-induced programmed cell death in Arabidopsis suspension cultures.

Exposure to cadmium (Cd(2+)) can result in cell death, but the molecular mechanisms of Cd(2+) cytotoxicity in plants are not fully understood. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell suspension cultures underwent a process of programmed cell death when exposed to 100 and 150 microm CdCl(2) and that this process resembled an accelerated senescence, as suggested by the expression of the marker senescence-associated gene12 (SAG12). CdCl(2) treatment was accompanied by a rapid increase in nitric oxide (NO) and phytochelatin synthesis, which continued to be high as long as cells remained viable.